Association between in situ ventilation and human-generated aerosol exposure in meatpacking plants during the COVID-19 pandemic.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, meatpacking workers were disproportionately affected by disease. Large outbreaks at meatpacking facilities resulted in loss of life and threatened the well-being of workers across the globe. Much work was done throughout the pandemic to understand and prevent these outbreaks.

Distinct metabolic phenotype renders β-catenin mutant hepatocellular carcinoma susceptible to treatment-induced ischemia.

Background & Aims: Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the most common treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide; however, response rates and durability vary widely. With the growing armamentarium of therapies for HCC patients, identifying predictors of response to TACE has become increasingly important for a patient population with limited hepatic reserve. We hypothesized that a distinct metabolic phenotype associated with β-catenin pathway mutations render HCC tumors more susceptible to TACE-induced ischemia.

Delay in hospital presentation is the main reason large vessel occlusion stroke patients do not receive intravenous thrombolysi.

Objectives: Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and endovascular therapy (EVT) are the mainstays of treatment for large vessel occlusion stroke (LVOS). Prior studies have examined why patients have not received IVT, the most cited reasons being last-known-well (LKW) to hospital arrival of >4.5 hours and minor/resolving stroke symptoms.

A Shorter Door-In-Door-Out Time Is Associated with Improved Outcome in Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke.

Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) significantly improves outcomes in large vessel occlusion stroke (LVOS). When a patient with a LVOS arrives at a hospital that does not perform EVT, emergent transfer to an endovascular stroke center (ESC) is required. Our objective was to determine the association between door-in-door-out time (DIDO) and 90-day outcomes in patients undergoing EVT.

Prophylactic Knee Bracing in Offensive Linemen of the National Football League: A Retrospective Analysis of Usage Trends, Player Performance, and Major Knee Injury.

Background: Offensive linemen in American football are prone to high-energy valgus forces to the knee, leading to associated injuries. Some offensive linemen in the National Football League (NFL) wear prophylactic knee braces (PKB) to prevent ligamentous injury.

Purpose/hypothesis: This purpose of the study was to compare injury rates and performance between NFL offensive linemen who wear PKB and those who do not.

Architecture and dynamics of a desmosome-endoplasmic reticulum complex.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) forms a dynamic network that contacts other cellular membranes to regulate stress responses, calcium signalling and lipid transfer. Here, using high-resolution volume electron microscopy, we find that the ER forms a previously unknown association with keratin intermediate filaments and desmosomal cell-cell junctions. Peripheral ER assembles into mirror image-like arrangements at desmosomes and exhibits nanometre proximity to keratin filaments and the desmosome cytoplasmic plaque.

Factors associated with door-in-door-out times in large vessel occlusion stroke patients undergoing endovascular therapy.

Introduction: In the management of large vessel occlusion stroke (LVOS), patients are frequently evaluated first at a non-endovascular stroke center and later transferred to an endovascular stroke center (ESC) for endovascular treatment (EVT). The door-in-door-out time (DIDO) is frequently used as a benchmark for transferring hospitals though there is no universally accepted nor evidenced-based DIDO time. The goal of this study was to identify factors affecting DIDO times in LVOS patients who ultimately underwent EVT.

Porous liquid metal-elastomer composites with high leakage resistance and antimicrobial property for skin-interfaced bioelectronics.

Liquid metal-elastomer composite is a promising soft conductor for skin-interfaced bioelectronics, soft robots, and others due to its large stretchability, ultrasoftness, high electrical conductivity, and mechanical-electrical decoupling. However, it often suffers from deformation-induced leakage, which can smear skin, deteriorate device performance, and cause circuit shorting. Besides, antimicrobial property is desirable in soft conductors to minimize microbial infections.

Evolution of endovascular stroke centers and disparities in access to stroke care in four Northeastern states: 2015-2019.

Objectives: Disparities exist throughout our healthcare system, especially related to access to care. Advanced stroke care for strokes is only available at selected endovascular centers (ESCs) in the United States. Although the number of ESCs increase each year, this does not necessarily reflect increased access to care.

An End-To-End Pipeline for Fully Automatic Morphological Quantification of Mouse Brain Structures From MRI Imagery.

Segmentation of mouse brain magnetic resonance images (MRI) based on anatomical and/or functional features is an important step towards morphogenetic brain structure characterization of murine models in neurobiological studies. State-of-the-art image segmentation methods register image volumes to standard presegmented templates or well-characterized highly detailed image atlases. Performance of these methods depends critically on the quality of skull-stripping, which is the digital removal of tissue signal exterior to the brain.

A Case Report of Necrotizing Neutrophilic Dermatosis: A Sheep in Wolf's Clothing.

Neutrophilic dermatosis (ND) is a category of diseases characterized by trauma-induced, autoinflammatory cutaneous eruption. Comorbid systemic disease is common with a predilection for malignancy, inflammatory bowel disease, and rheumatologic disease. Rarely, it can manifest with aseptic shock, an entity referred to as necrotizing neutrophilic dermatosis (NND).

Visualizing synaptic dopamine efflux with a 2D composite nanofilm.

Chemical neurotransmission constitutes one of the fundamental modalities of communication between neurons. Monitoring release of these chemicals has traditionally been difficult to carry out at spatial and temporal scales relevant to neuron function. To understand chemical neurotransmission more fully, we need to improve the spatial and temporal resolutions of measurements for neurotransmitter release.

Infectious Aerosol Capture Mask as Environmental Control to Reduce Spread of Respiratory Viral Particles.

Negative pressure isolation of COVID-19 patients is critical to limiting the nosocomial transmission of SARS-CoV-2; however, airborne isolation rooms are limited. Alternatives to traditional isolation procedures are needed. The evaluation of an Infectious Aerosol Capture Mask (IACM) that is designed to augment the respiratory isolation of COVID-19 patients is described.

Nanofiber capsules for minimally invasive sampling of biological specimens from gastrointestinal tract.

Accurate and rapid point-of-care tissue and microbiome sampling is critical for early detection of cancers and infectious diseases and often result in effective early intervention and prevention of disease spread. In particular, the low prevalence of Barrett's and gastric premalignancy in the Western world makes population-based endoscopic screening unfeasible and cost-ineffective. Herein, we report a method that may be useful for prescreening the general population in a minimally invasive way using a swallowable, re-expandable, ultra-absorbable, and retrievable nanofiber cuboid and sphere produced by electrospinning, gas-foaming, coating, and crosslinking.

ESCRT-mediated membrane repair protects tumor-derived cells against T cell attack.

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer cells kill virus-infected and tumor cells through the polarized release of perforin and granzymes. Perforin is a pore-forming toxin that creates a lesion in the plasma membrane of the target cell through which granzymes enter the cytosol and initiate apoptosis. Endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) proteins are involved in the repair of small membrane wounds.

Optimizing Prehospital Stroke Systems of Care-Reacting to Changing Paradigms (OPUS-REACH): a pragmatic registry of large vessel occlusion stroke patients to create evidence-based stroke systems of care and eliminate disparities in access to stroke care.

Background: Large vessel occlusion (LVO) strokes are best treated with rapid endovascular therapy (EVT). There are two routes that LVO stroke patients can take to EVT therapy when transported by EMS: primary transport (ambulance transports directly to an endovascular stroke center (ESC) or secondary transport (EMS transports to a non-ESC then transfers for EVT). There is no clear evidence which path to care results in better functional outcomes for LVO stroke patients.

Variability in biopsy quality informs translational research applications in hepatocellular carcinoma.

In the era of precision medicine, biopsies are playing an increasingly central role in cancer research and treatment paradigms; however, patient outcomes and analyses of biopsy quality, as well as impact on downstream clinical and research applications, remain underreported. Herein, we report biopsy safety and quality outcomes for percutaneous core biopsies of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) performed as part of a prospective clinical trial. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of HCC were enrolled in a prospective cohort study for the genetic, proteomic, and metabolomic profiling of HCC at two academic medical centers from April 2016 to July 2020.

Whole-cell organelle segmentation in volume electron microscopy.

Cells contain hundreds of organelles and macromolecular assemblies. Obtaining a complete understanding of their intricate organization requires the nanometre-level, three-dimensional reconstruction of whole cells, which is only feasible with robust and scalable automatic methods. Here, to support the development of such methods, we annotated up to 35 different cellular organelle classes-ranging from endoplasmic reticulum to microtubules to ribosomes-in diverse sample volumes from multiple cell types imaged at a near-isotropic resolution of 4 nm per voxel with focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM).