Post Night Shift Education for Interns: A Pilot Program.

Background: Night float rotations are associated with decreased feedback, educational conference attendance, and operative time. Interns are also more isolated and spend less time on teams. We therefore developed a novel post night shift initiative to address these shortcomings and examined its impact on the educational experience and sense of belonging among interns.

The Predictive Performance of General Surgery Milestones on Post-Graduation Outcomes.

Objective: To establish whether Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Milestones predict future performance of general surgery trainees.

Summary Background Data: Milestones provide bi-annual assessments of trainee progress across six competencies. It is unknown whether the Milestones predict surgeon performance after the transition to independent practice.

Improving the Barrier and Mechanical Properties of Paper Used for Packing Applications with Renewable Hydrophobic Coatings Derived from Camelina Oil.

This study looked at using modified camelina oil to develop sustainable coatings that could replace those derived from petroleum-based materials for use in packaging and other industrial sectors. Solvent-free synthesis of maleic anhydride grafted camelina oil (MCO) was carried out at two different temperatures (200 and 230 °C) to obtain sustainable hydrophobic coating materials for paper substrates. Maleic anhydride grafting of camelina oil was confirmed with attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared and NMR spectroscopic techniques, and up to 16% grafting of maleic anhydride was achieved, as determined by the titration method.

Non-targeted discovery of high-value bio-products in Nicotiana glauca L: a potential renewable plant feedstock.

The evaluation of plant-based feedstocks is an important aspect of biorefining. Nicotiana glauca is a solanaceous, non-food crop that produces large amounts of biomass and is well adapted to grow in suboptimal conditions. In the present article, compatible sequential solvent extractions were applied to N.

Genetic study for seed germination and shattering in in response to different seed treatments.

Spreng is a promising emerging oilseed crop, with its seed oil accounting for approximately 50% of the seed weight. oil contains a significant amount of vernolic acid, comprising two-thirds of its composition, which boasts various industrial applications, including acting as a stabilizer-plasticizer and natural dye. However, this species was known to have a high degree of seed-shattering and a low germination rate, which act as two important barriers to large-scale production and exploitation.

Belonging in Surgery: A Validated Instrument and Single Institutional Pilot.

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop and validate an instrument to measure Belonging in Surgery among surgical residents.

Background: Belonging is the essential human need to maintain meaningful relationships and connections to one's community. Increased belongingness is associated with better well-being, job performance, and motivation to learn.

Improvement of germination rate and hybridization to facilitate breeding of an industrial oil crop, Euphorbia lagascae Spreng.

Background: The potential of plant-based sources of vernolic acid to provide agricultural producers with a market diversification opportunity and industrial manufacturers with a renewable, environmentally friendly chemical feedstock is immense. The herbaceous wild spurge or caper spurge (Euphorbia lagascae Spreng) is the most promising source of vernolic acid, containing an average oil content of 50%, of which around 60% is vernolic acid. Its seed yield ranges between 500 and 2000 kg ha, and a theoretical yield of 180 kg ha of pure vernolic acid is possible.

The Road to Mastery: An Analysis of Goal Orientation in the Transition from Medical School to Surgical Residency.

Purpose: Goal orientation (GO) is a psychological construct which describes an individual's intrinsic motivation for learning in terms of mastery and performance goals. Mastery goals relate to the intrinsic drive to learn for the sake of learning, while performance goals are oriented toward validating one's own competence by seeking favorable judgments (Performance Approach; PAP) or avoiding negative judgments (Performance Avoid; PAV). Having a mastery GO has been shown to improve overall job satisfaction as well as optimize job performance.

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron entry is type II transmembrane serine protease-mediated in human airway and intestinal organoid models.

SARS-CoV-2 can enter cells after its spike protein is cleaved by either type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSPs), like TMPRSS2, or cathepsins. It is now widely accepted that the Omicron variant uses TMPRSS2 less efficiently and instead enters cells via cathepsins, but these findings have yet to be verified in more relevant cell models. Although we could confirm efficient cathepsin-mediated entry for Omicron in a monkey kidney cell line, experiments with protease inhibitors showed that Omicron (BA.

'Thinking about pain in a different way': Patient perspectives of a neuroscience-informed physiotherapy programme for rotator cuff-related shoulder pain.

Background: Rotator cuff-related shoulder pain (RCRSP) is a common musculoskeletal problem. The multi-factorial contributors to persistent pain are often overlooked during treatment. Pain neuroscience education (PNE) contributes to a holistic approach for patients with persistent pain but has not yet been researched for patients with RCRSP.

Valorization of camelina oil to biobased materials and biofuels for new industrial uses: a review.

Global environmental pollution is a growing concern, especially the release of carbon dioxide from the use of petroleum derived materials which negatively impacts our environment's natural greenhouse gas level. Extensive efforts have been made to explore the conversion of renewable raw materials (vegetable oils) into bio-based products with similar or enhanced properties to those derived from petroleum. However, these edible plant oils, commonly used for human food consumption, are often not suitable raw materials for industrial applications.

Engineering Curcumin Biosynthesis in Poplar Affects Lignification and Biomass Yield.

Lignocellulosic biomass is recalcitrant toward deconstruction into simple sugars mainly due to the presence of lignin. By engineering plants to partially replace traditional lignin monomers with alternative ones, lignin degradability and extractability can be enhanced. Previously, the alternative monomer curcumin has been successfully produced and incorporated into lignified cell walls of Arabidopsis by the heterologous expression of () and ().

Field and saccharification performances of poplars severely downregulated in CAD1.

Lignin is one of the main factors causing lignocellulosic biomass recalcitrance to enzymatic hydrolysis. Glasshouse-grown poplars severely downregulated for CINNAMYL ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE 1 (CAD1), the enzyme catalysing the last step in the monolignol-specific branch of lignin biosynthesis, have increased saccharification yields and normal growth. Here, we assess the performance of these hpCAD poplars in the field under short rotation coppice culture for two consecutive rotations of 1 yr and 3 yr.

Synchronous Telemedicine Model in Urogynecology: Are Patients Willing to Continue Telemedicine in the Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Era?

Importance: Following the recent expansion of telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic, this remote model of care in female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery will likely remain and continue to evolve.

Objective: This study was conducted to assess patients' perceptions of and willingness to participate in a synchronous telemedicine visit beyond the COVID-19 pandemic for women with pelvic floor disorders.

Study Design: We conducted a cross-sectional study of women who completed a synchronous telemedicine visit from March 16 through May 22, 2020, at a urogynecology practice in an academic medical center.

Pulling Back from the Brink: A Multi-Pronged Approach to Address General Surgery Resident Clinical Work Hour Adherence.

Purpose: The conflict between prioritizing education for surgical trainees, promoting trainee wellness, and maintaining optimal patient care has remained challenging since the introduction of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) work hour restrictions in 2003. There is still a dearth of research examining which interventions successfully enable duty hour adherence. This study assessed the impact of a combination of strategic interventions on improving clinical work hour adherence.

Finding my people: Effects of student identity and vulnerability to Stereotype Threat on sense of belonging in surgery.

Background: Diversity in surgery lags behind the medical student population. We documented first-year medical students' vulnerability to stereotype threat (VST) and its impact on a sense of belonging in surgery.

Methods: All first-year medical students at a single academic institution were surveyed.

A multisite study of medical student perspectives on the core surgical clerkship.

Background: The surgical clerkship is the primary surgical learning experience for medical students. This study aims to understand student perspectives on the surgery clerkship both before and after the core surgical rotation.

Methods: Medical students at 4 academic hospitals completed pre and postclerkship surveys that included open-ended questions regarding (1) student learning goals and concerns and (2) how surgical clerkship learning could be enhanced.

Eyes of the Beholders: First-year medical students' perceptions of surgeons and the field of surgery.

Background: Medical students have negative perceptions of surgery prior to their clerkships. To explore possible explanations, we examined the association between these perceptions, individual identity and vulnerability to stereotype threat (ST).

Methods: All first-year medical students at a single school received an electronic survey which assessed identity groups, vulnerability to ST and perceptions of surgeons/surgery.

Rewired phenolic metabolism and improved saccharification efficiency of a Zea mays cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (zmcad2) mutant.

Lignocellulosic biomass is an abundant byproduct from cereal crops that can potentially be valorized as a feedstock to produce biomaterials. Zea mays CINNAMYL ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE 2 (ZmCAD2) is involved in lignification, and is a promising target to improve the cellulose-to-glucose conversion of maize stover. Here, we analyzed a field-grown zmcad2 Mutator transposon insertional mutant.

Public health communication and education to promote more physical activity and less sedentary behaviour: Development and formative evaluation of the 'physical activity triangle'.

Objective: Communication and education about health behaviours to the general population is essential in public health promotion. This paper describes the process and outcome of developing a new health education model (infographic) for physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour used in Flanders (Belgium).

Methods: The Flanders Institute for Healthy Living, expertise centre for public health, coordinated a process, including the evaluation of its previous education model among citizens; reviewing existing models from other countries; expert panel meetings (n = 3); and a formative evaluation (34 focus groups) among citizen with various profiles.

Alterations in the phenylpropanoid pathway affect poplar ability for ectomycorrhizal colonisation and susceptibility to root-knot nematodes.

This study investigates the impact of the alteration of the monolignol biosynthesis pathway on the establishment of the in vitro interaction of poplar roots either with a mutualistic ectomycorrhizal fungus or with a pathogenic root-knot nematode. Overall, the five studied transgenic lines downregulated for caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT), caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT), cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) or both COMT and CAD displayed a lower mycorrhizal colonisation percentage, indicating a lower ability for establishing mutualistic interaction than the wild-type. The susceptibility to root-knot nematode infection was variable in the five lines, and the CAD-deficient line was found to be less susceptible than the wild-type.

Hybrids Provide Insight Into Cell and Organism Size Control.

Determining how size is controlled is a fundamental question in biology that is poorly understood at the organismal, cellular, and subcellular levels. The species, and differ in size at all three of these levels. Despite these differences, fertilization of eggs with sperm gives rise to viable hybrid animals that are intermediate in size.

When too much isn't enough: Does current food production meet global nutritional needs?

Sustainably feeding the next generation is often described as one of the most pressing "grand challenges" facing the 21st century. Generally, scholars propose addressing this problem by increasing agricultural production, investing in technology to boost yields, changing diets, or reducing food waste. In this paper, we explore whether global food production is nutritionally balanced by comparing the diet that nutritionists recommend versus global agricultural production statistics.

Polyploidy Affects Plant Growth and Alters Cell Wall Composition.

Polyploidization has played a key role in plant breeding and crop improvement. Although its potential to increase biomass yield is well described, the effect of polyploidization on biomass composition has largely remained unexplored. Here, we generated a series of Arabidopsis () plants with different somatic ploidy levels (2n, 4n, 6n, and 8n) and performed rigorous phenotypic characterization.