Long-span fiber composite truss made by coreless filament winding for large-scale satellite structural systems demonstrated on a planetary sunshade concept.

Climate change necessitates exploring innovative geoengineering solutions to mitigate its effects-one such solution is deploying planetary sunshade satellites at Sun-Earth Lagrange point 1 to regulate solar radiation on Earth directly. However, such long-span space structures present unique technical challenges, particularly structural scalability, on-orbit manufacturing, and in-situ resource utilization. This paper proposes a structural concept for the sunshade's foil support system and derives from that a component-level modular system for long-span fiber composite lightweight trusses using coreless filament winding.

A multi-year, multi-site study of the prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome in South Africa.

Background: South Africa has the highest reported prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) globally. The most recent study reported a weighted, estimated FASD prevalence of 310 per 1000 in a community in the Western Cape Province. Because there is as yet no reliable estimate of the national burden of FASD in South Africa, further epidemiological studies are needed in diverse settings.

The South African Parkinson's Disease Study Collection.

Parkinson's disease (PD) incidence is increasing in sub-Saharan Africa. We recruited 687 individuals with PD from different ancestral groups across South Africa. More Afrikaner Europeans had early-onset PD than other ancestral groups.

Hair glucocorticoid levels in Parkinson's disease.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) share certain pathophysiological pathways, including hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction. Hair glucocorticoid (GC) levels reflect longer-term HPA-axis function and can provide additional insights into the role of a dysregulated HPA-axis in PD and co-occurring cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.

Objectives: In a case-control study we examined the association of PD diagnosis, clinical features and PD-CVD risk (as defined by the MetS) co-occurrence with hair GC (cortisol and cortisone) levels.

Hair cortisol as a biomarker of stress and resilience in South African mixed ancestry females.

Background: Hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) are increasingly used as a biomarker of stress, however limited research exists regarding the relationship between HCC and protective factors, such as resilience. Additionally, studies measuring HCC need to account for possible confounders, and these factors have not been examined in sufficiently diverse settings.

Objectives: Our objectives were to identify determinants of HCC in a sample of mixed ancestry adults and investigate the association of HCC with measures of self-perceived stress and resilience.

Stable memory and computation in randomly rewiring neural networks.

Our brains must maintain a representation of the world over a period of time much longer than the typical lifetime of the biological components producing that representation. For example, recent research suggests that dendritic spines in the adult mouse hippocampus are transient with an average lifetime of ~10 days. If this is true, and if turnover is equally likely for all spines, ~95% of excitatory synapses onto a particular neuron will turn over within 30 days; however, a neuron's receptive field can be relatively stable over this period.

Semaphorin 4D promotes inhibitory synapse formation and suppresses seizures in vivo.

Objective: We previously discovered a role for the extracellular domain of the transmembrane protein semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) as a fast-acting, selective, and positive regulator of functional γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic synapse formation in hippocampal neuronal culture. We also demonstrated that Sema4D treatment increases inhibitory tone and suppresses hyperexcitability in an organotypic hippocampal slice culture model of epilepsy. Here, we investigate the ability of Sema4D to promote GABAergic synapse formation and suppress seizure activity in vivo in adult mice.

Dataset on psychosocial risk factors in cases of fatal and near-fatal physical child abuse.

This article presents the psychosocial risk factors identified in the cases of 20 children less than four years of age who were victims of fatal or near-fatal physical abuse during a 12 month period in the Commonwealth of Kentucky. These data are related to the article "History, injury, and psychosocial risk factor commonalities among cases of fatal and near-fatal physical child abuse" (Pierce et al., 2017) [1].

History, injury, and psychosocial risk factor commonalities among cases of fatal and near-fatal physical child abuse.

Failure to recognize child maltreatment results in chronic exposure to high-risk environments where re-injury or death may occur. We analyzed a series (n=20) of fatal (n=10) and near-fatal (n=10) physical child abuse cases from the Commonwealth of Kentucky to identify commonalities and determine whether indicators of maltreatment were present prior to the child's fatal or near-fatal event. We conducted retrospective state record reviews involving children <4years of age classified as physical child abuse by the Cabinet for Health and Family Services during a 12 month period.

Cross-Disciplinary Perceptions of Structured Interprofessional Rounds in Promoting Teamwork Within an Academic Tertiary Care Obstetric Unit.

Background: In 2005, physician and nursing leaders at Brigham and Women's Hospital initiated structured interprofessional rounds (SIPRs) on the labor and delivery (L&D) suite to improve team communication. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of providers' perceptions of SIPRs and their effectiveness in improving teamwork. We hypothesized that on average, providers would perceive SIPRs as being effective in promoting teamwork, but ratings would differ among professional groups.

Enhanced Neurobehavioral Outcomes of Action Observation Prosthesis Training.

Background Previous studies have demonstrated improved neurobehavioral outcomes when prosthesis users learn task-specific behaviors by imitating movements of prosthesis users (matched limb) compared with intact limbs (mismatched limb). Objective This study is the first to use a unique combination of neurophysiological and task performance methods to investigate prosthetic device training strategies from a cognitive motor control perspective. Intact nonamputated prosthesis users (NAPUs) donned specially adapted prosthetic devices to simulate the wrist and forearm movement that persons with transradial limb loss experience.

Barriers to pediatric disaster triage: a qualitative investigation.

Background: In disasters, paramedics often triage victims, including children. Little is known about obstacles paramedics face when performing pediatric disaster triage.

Objective: To determine obstacles to pediatric disaster triage performance for paramedics enrolled in a simulation-based disaster curriculum.

The effect of obstetric practice change to reduce early term delivery on perinatal outcome.

Objective: To investigate whether the national emphasis on attaining 39 weeks gestation has altered obstetric practice, and if so whether this has affected perinatal morbidity.

Study Design: We examined trends in gestational age, neonatal morbidity, maternal complications and stillbirth for a retrospective cohort of singleton, live births between 37+0 and 39+6 weeks of gestation over a 5-year period at a single tertiary care center.

Result: There were 21 343 eligible deliveries.

Spontaneous reduction before 12 weeks' gestation and selective reduction similarly extend time to delivery in in vitro fertilization of trichorionic-triamniotic triplets.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and the relative benefits conferred by selective and spontaneous reduction of one or more fetuses in trichorionic triamniotic triplet pregnancies on time to delivery.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Academic medical center.

Impact of selective reduction of the monochorionic pair in in vitro fertilization triplet pregnancies on gestational length.

In this retrospective cohort of IVF-conceived triplets complicated by a monochorionic pair (n = 21), selective reduction of the pair to a singleton pregnancy was associated with a significantly greater likelihood of delivery at ≥34 weeks. On average, reduction of the pair was associated with 52 days longer gestation.

Contemporary management of monochorionic diamniotic twins: outcomes and delivery recommendations revisited.

Objective: We sought to investigate outcomes of contemporaneously managed monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twins, stratified by pregnancy complication.

Study Design: Four hundred eighteen MCDA pregnancies from 2001 through 2008 were retrospectively reviewed.

Results: There were 236 ongoing pregnancies at 24 weeks' gestation.

[Health centers: history and future prospects.].

Health houses and health centers are often hailed as specifically modern forms of medical practice in mobile healthcare provision. Yet the concept of health center emerged in the seventeenth century. The founding principles of these institutions were to promote access to good-quality universal healthcare and to practice a form of healthcare that treated patients in their globality (i.

A comparison of subjective and mathematical estimations of fetal heart rate variability.

Objectives: To develop a computerized algorithm to quantify fetal heart rate (FHR) variability and compare it to perinatologists' interpretation of FHR variability.

Methods: FHR variability was calculated using data from 30 women who had a fetal scalp electrode placed for a clinical indication, and compared to the assessment of FHR variability from four perinatologists who interpreted paper tracings of the same data. Inter-rater reliability was calculated and receiver-operator curve analysis was done.

Image-guided surgery of the skull base using a novel miniature position sensor.

Image-guided navigational systems have been a useful adjunct for minimally invasive surgery of the skull base. A novel miniature position sensor has been developed that uses a low magnetic field for real-time tracking of surgical instruments. The 1.

The Effect of Postdetoxification Drug-Free Residential Living on Birth Outcome in the Pregnant Drug Abuser.

The birth outcome for pregnant drug abusers is complicated by polydrug use, neonatal withdrawal symptoms, and low birth weight. To improve birth outcome, in-hospital detoxification and stabilization from drug use followed by drug-free residential living with prenatal care were provided for patients committed to cessation of illicit drug use. Pregnant heroin or cocaine abusers with significant drug use were eligible for the study.

Morphologic stages of the equine embryo proper on days 17 to 40 after ovulation.

Objective: To describe the gross and histologic changes that develop in the equine embryo proper (ie, the portion of the embryo that becomes the fetus) from days 17 to 40 after ovulation and to compare the external features of equine embryos with those of porcine, ovine, and human embryos.

Sample Population: 34 embryos collected from mixed-breed pony mares.

Procedure: External features for each embryo proper, including length, number of branchial arches, growth of appendages, face and head features, and body features, were examined, using a dissecting microscope, for embryos collected on days 17 to 40.