A single center descriptive study of local anesthetic dose in knee arthroplasty: Was there evidence of local anesthetic systemic toxicity?

Study Objective: Describe dosing of local anesthetic when both a periarticular injection (PAI) and peripheral nerve block (PNB) are utilized for knee arthroplasty analgesia, and compare the dosing of local to suggested maximum dosing, and look for evidence of local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST).

Design: A single center retrospective cohort study between May 2018 and November 2022.

Setting: A major academic hospital.

No Racial Disparities Observed Using Point-of-Care Genetic Counseling and Testing for Endometrial and Ovarian Cancer in a Diverse Patient Population: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

We investigated genetic counseling and testing rates for patients with gynecologic malignancy at a tertiary care center with a large minority population. Our retrospective cohort included newly diagnosed epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, peritoneal, or endometrial cancer patients between January 2014 and June 2022. For endometrial cancer, 373 patients were identified.

Computational Design of Phosphotriesterase Improves V-Agent Degradation Efficiency.

Organophosphates (OPs) are a class of neurotoxic acetylcholinesterase inhibitors including widely used pesticides as well as nerve agents such as VX and VR. Current treatment of these toxins relies on reactivating acetylcholinesterase, which remains ineffective. Enzymatic scavengers are of interest for their ability to degrade OPs systemically before they reach their target.

Di-5-ANEQ(F)PTEA Offers Better Performance than Di-4-ANEQ(F)PTEA for In-Situ Cardiac Optical Mapping.

Cardiac optical mapping has traditionally been performed in ex-vivo, motion-arrested hearts. Recently, in-situ cardiac optical mapping has been made possible by both motion correction techniques and long-wavelength voltage sensitive dyes (VSDs). However, VSDs have been observed to wash out quickly from blood-perfused in-situ hearts.

Optical mapping of cardiac electromechanics in beating in vivo hearts.

Optical mapping has been widely used in the study of cardiac electrophysiology in motion-arrested, ex vivo heart preparations. Recent developments in motion artifact mitigation techniques have made it possible to optically map beating ex vivo hearts, enabling the study of cardiac electromechanics using optical mapping. However, the ex vivo setting imposes limitations on optical mapping such as altered metabolic states, oversimplified mechanical loads, and the absence of neurohormonal regulation.

Near-infrared voltage-sensitive dyes based on chromene donor.

Voltage-sensitive dyes (VSDs) are used to image electrical activity in cells and tissues with submillisecond time resolution. Most of these fast sensors are constructed from push-pull chromophores whose fluorescence spectra are modulated by the electric field across the cell membrane. It was found that the substitution of naphthalene with chromene produces a 60 to 80 nm red-shift in absorption and emission spectra while maintaining fluorescence quantum efficiency and voltage sensitivity.

Teaching antenatal hand expression: a feasibility study in an inner urban U.S. hospital.

Background: Many women have low confidence in breastfeeding and have concerns regarding low milk volume or discomfort with breastfeeding. Antenatal hand expression may be an opportunity to help women feel more comfortable with breastfeeding and help promote exclusive breastfeeding. A study at a hospital in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.

Cognitive map formation in the blind is enhanced by three-dimensional tactile information.

For blind individuals, tactile maps are useful tools to form cognitive maps through touch. However, they still experience challenges in cognitive map formation and independent navigation. Three-dimensional (3D) tactile information is thus increasingly being considered to convey enriched spatial information, but it remains unclear if it can facilitate cognitive map formation compared to traditional two-dimensional (2D) tactile information.

Leukapheresis and Tisagenlecleucel Manufacturing Outcomes in Patients Age <3 Years with Relapsed/Refractory Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Tisagenlecleucel is approved for the treatment of relapsed/refractory (r/r) B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) in patients up to age 25 years based on the results of a pivotal trial (ELIANA) in pediatric and young adult patients. However, that trial did not include patients age <3 years because of the challenges posed by leukapheresis of very young and low-weight patients. Data on leukapheresis material and manufacturing outcomes among patients age <3 years have been collected since the time of global regulatory approval.

Voltage imaging reveals the dynamic electrical signatures of human breast cancer cells.

Cancer cells feature a resting membrane potential (V) that is depolarized compared to normal cells, and express active ionic conductances, which factor directly in their pathophysiological behavior. Despite similarities to 'excitable' tissues, relatively little is known about cancer cell V dynamics. Here high-throughput, cellular-resolution V imaging reveals that V fluctuates dynamically in several breast cancer cell lines compared to non-cancerous MCF-10A cells.

Novel Optics-Based Approaches for Cardiac Electrophysiology: A Review.

Optical techniques for recording and manipulating cellular electrophysiology have advanced rapidly in just a few decades. These developments allow for the analysis of cardiac cellular dynamics at multiple scales while largely overcoming the drawbacks associated with the use of electrodes. The recent advent of optogenetics opens up new possibilities for regional and tissue-level electrophysiological control and hold promise for future novel clinical applications.

Genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies protein pathways modulating tau protein levels in neurons.

Aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau protein are a pathological hallmark of more than 20 distinct neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, and frontotemporal dementia. While the exact mechanism of tau aggregation is unknown, the accumulation of aggregates correlates with disease progression. Here we report a genome-wide CRISPR screen to identify modulators of endogenous tau protein for the first time.

Transport mechanisms and emission of landfill gas through various cover soil configurations in an MSW landfill using a static flux chamber technique.

This study evaluated the transport mechanisms and emission rates of landfill gas (LFG) from 200- (vegetated with short grass), 300- (vegetated with short grass), and 450-mm-thick (non-vegetated) interim cover soils within a municipal solid waste landfill. LFG emission and diffusion mechanisms were evaluated using static flux chambers and laboratory-scale diffusion columns. Overall, the greatest CH and CO emissions were consistently observed from the 200-mm-thick cover soil with an average flux rate of 39.

Physical Therapy for Chronic Pain Mitigation and Opioid Use Reduction Among People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Atlanta, GA: A Descriptive Case Series.

People living with HIV (PLH) may be at increased risk of experiencing both chronic pain and opioid dependence. Physical therapy (PT) has been shown to be effective as a nonpharmacological strategy for mitigating chronic pain in the general population, however, there is gap in research investigating PT to reduce chronic pain and opioid use among PLH. This case series describes the feasibility of an innovative PT intervention to decrease chronic pain and opioid use at a multidisciplinary human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clinic.

Supporting Public Health Employee Engagement and Retention: One U.S. National Center's Analysis and Approach.

Employee engagement, exemplified by positive perceptions of supervisors, workplace, and job, improves productivity and employee retention. We identified the extent of and barriers to employee engagement at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP). In 2015, NCHHSTP's leadership collected baseline data through a centerwide Employee Engagement Pulse Survey (EEPS) from NCHHSTP's full-time Civil Service employees, U.

Development and Psychometric Testing of the Maternal Nipple Shield Satisfaction Scale.

Background And Purpose: Nipple shield use is common among breastfeeding mothers, yet no instrument measures maternal satisfaction. The new Maternal Nipple Shield Satisfaction Scale (MNSSS) was evaluated for reliability and validity.

Methods: The MNSSS for was tested in two phases: women ( = 128) using nipple shields in the previous 6 months and the second, women, ( = 57) within the first 3 weeks postpartum.

Autologous cryopreserved leukapheresis cellular material for chimeric antigen receptor-T cell manufacture.

Tisagenlecleucel, a CD19-specific autologous chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, is efficacious for the treatment of relapsed/refractory B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The tisagenlecleucel manufacturing process was initially developed in an academic setting and subsequently transferred to industry for qualification, validation and scaling up for global clinical trials and commercial distribution. Use of fresh leukapheresis material was recognized early on in the transfer process as a challenge with regard to establishing a global supply chain.

Recent progress in optical voltage-sensor technology and applications to cardiac research: from single cells to whole hearts.

The first workshop on Novel Optics-based approaches for Cardiac Electrophysiology (NOtiCE) was held in Florence Italy in 2018. Here, we learned how optical approaches have shaped our basic understanding of cardiac electrophysiology and how new technologies and approaches are being developed and validated to advance the field. Several technologies are being developed that may one day allow for new clinical approaches for diagnosing cardiac disorders and possibly intervening to treat human patients.

Tethered Bichromophoric Fluorophore Quencher Voltage Sensitive Dyes.

Voltage sensitive dyes (VSDs) are used for in vitro drug screening and for imaging of patterns of electrical activity in tissue. Wide application of this technology depends on the availability of sensors with high sensitivity (percent change of fluorescence per 100 mV), high fluorescence quantum yield, and fast response kinetics. A promising approach uses a two-component system consisting of anionic membrane permeable quenchers with fluorophores labeling one side of the membrane; this produces voltage-dependent fluorescence quenching.

Chronic White Matter Degeneration, but No Tau Pathology at One-Year Post-Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in a Tau Transgenic Model.

Tau pathology associated with chronic traumatic encephalopathy has been documented in the brains of individuals with a history of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (r-mTBI). At this stage, the pathobiological role of tau in r-mTBI has not been extensively explored in appropriate pre-clinical models. Here, we describe the acute and chronic behavioral and histopathological effects of single and repetitive mild TBI (five injuries given at 48 h intervals) in young adult (3 months old) hTau mice that express all six isoforms of hTau on a null murine tau background.

Lifelong behavioral and neuropathological consequences of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury.

Objective: Exposure to repetitive concussion, or mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), has been linked with increased risk of long-term neurodegenerative changes, specifically chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). To date, preclinical studies largely have focused on the immediate aftermath of mTBI, with no literature on the lifelong consequences of mTBI in these models. This study provides the first account of lifelong neurobehavioral and histological consequences of repetitive mTBI providing unique insight into the constellation of evolving and ongoing pathologies with late survival.

The stochastic nature of action potential backpropagation in apical tuft dendrites.

In cortical pyramidal neurons, backpropagating action potentials (bAPs) supply Ca to synaptic contacts on dendrites. To determine whether the efficacy of AP backpropagation into apical tuft dendrites is stable over time, we performed dendritic Ca and voltage imaging in rat brain slices. We found that the amplitude of bAP-Ca in apical tuft branches was unstable, given that it varied from trial to trial (termed "bAP-Ca flickering").

A modification-specific peptide-based immunization approach using CRM197 carrier protein: .

Strategies aimed at reducing cerebral accumulation of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides have therapeutic potential in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ immunization has proven to be effective at promoting Aβ clearance in animal models but adverse effects have hampered its clinical evaluation. The first anti-Aβ immunization clinical trial, which assessed a full-length Aβ1-42 vaccine, increased the risk of encephalitis most likely because of autoimmune pro-inflammatory T helper 1 (Th1) response against all forms of Aβ.

EPSPs Measured in Proximal Dendritic Spines of Cortical Pyramidal Neurons.

EPSPs occur when the neurotransmitter glutamate binds to postsynaptic receptors located on small pleomorphic membrane protrusions called dendritic spines. To transmit the synaptic signal, these potentials must travel through the spine neck and the dendritic tree to reach the soma. Due to their small size, the electrical behavior of spines and their ability to compartmentalize electrical signals has been very difficult to assess experimentally.