Assessment of cardiac function in children by strain imaging and its correlation with conventional echocardiographic parameter.

Background: The objectives of this study were to find out of normal reference value for age-dependent longitudinal strain values in children and find its correlation with conventional echocardiographic parameters.

Methods: In total, 100 healthy normal children aged between 2 and 15 years were enrolled and divided into three age groups, namely, 2-5 years, 5-10 years, and 10-15 years. Using the GE Vivid 7 ultrasound platform with 4 or 7 MHz probes, both LV and RV global longitudinal strains and conventional echocardiographic parameters were acquired.

Assessment of ventricular function in patients of atrial septal defect by strain imaging before and after correction.

Background: Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a common congenital heart disease associated with volume overload of Right ventricle (RV) with variable effect on Left ventricle (LV). Two-dimensional (2D) Strain analysis is a new tool for objective analysis of myocardial function. This prospective study evaluated the systolic function of right and left ventricle by conventional 2D echo and strain echo and measured changes in cardiac hemodynamics that occurred in patients of ASD before and after correction.

Retrieval of Embolized Intracardiac Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter Line: Novel Percutaneous Technique by Utilizing a Flexible Biopsy Forceps.

Peripheral catheter embolization to the heart is common but infrequently reported. In view of the hazardous complications of thrombosis, embolism, infection, arrhythmia and even death, percutaneous retrieval of such foreign bodies is usually attempted. Previously reported percutaneous technique of retrieval mainly involved the snaring technique.

Balloon mitral valvotomy in youngest documented rheumatic mitral stenosis patient.

Juvenile rheumatic mitral stenosis (MS) is common in the Indian subcontinent. Early recognition and management is essential. Rarely rheumatic MS may occur in <5 years of age, wherein rapid hemodynamic progression and cardiac morbidity and mortality occurs.

Large congenital coronary arteriovenous fistula between the left main coronary artery and right superior vena cava, associated with aneurysmal dilatation of the left main coronary artery: rare case report.

Coronary arteriovenous fistula is an uncommon clinical entity. The right coronary artery is the most common site of origin, and the fistula commonly drains into the right-sided cardiac chambers. Very rarely it can arise from the left main coronary artery, and fistulas draining into the superior vena cavity are extremely rare.

Non-invasive estimation of pulmonary vascular resistance in patients of pulmonary hypertension in congenital heart disease with unobstructed pulmonary flow.

Context: Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) is a critical and essential parameter during the assessment and selection of modality of treatment in patients with congenital heart disease accompanied by pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Aim: The present study was planned to evaluate non-invasive echocardiographic parameters to assess pulmonary vascular resistance.

Settings And Design: This prospective observational study included 44 patients admitted in the cardiology and pediatric cardiology ward of our institution for diagnostic or pre-operative catheter based evaluation of pulmonary arterial pressure and PVR.

Revisiting Non-Compaction Cardiomyopathy Through a Case with Cyanosis and Complete Heart Block.

Left ventricular non-compaction or "spongy myocardium", is a rare congenital cardiomyopathy that should be considered as a possible diagnosis because of its potential complications. Echocardiography is the diagnostic tool of choice, and cardiomagnetic resonance (CMR) can confirm or rule out this disease. Herein, we report the case of an 8-month-old female child who presented with congestive cardiac failure (CCF) and symptomatic complete heart block (CHB).

Association of congenital descending aorto-left atrial fistula with the aortopulmonary window and atrial septal defect.

We report a case of fistula between the descending aorta and the left atrium with associated aortopulmonary window and secundum atrial septal defect. No previous reports of such association have been found in the literature. A 5-month-old infant presented with heart failure from the age of 2 weeks.

Our experience of coronary angiography with and without heparin.

Aim: Coronary angiography is usually done with heparin. Our aim is to see whether it can be done without heparin through femoral route and its effect on local complications.

Method: We have studied 3780 patients from 2006 to 2010 using standard dose Heparin (5000 units), low dose heparin (2000 units) and no heparin.

Pulmonary endarteritis, cerebral abscesses, and a single ventricle: An uncommon combination.

Endocarditis of the right side of the heart is otherwise uncommon in children. Pulmonary endarteritis as a complication of congenital heart disease is even rarer. Herein, we report the case of pulmonary endarteritis with a 7 mm ×5 mm vegetation, involving the main pulmonary artery in a 4-year-old male child, with cyanosis and a 1-week history of fever and rapidly-progressive hemiparesis.

Various coronary artery complications of Kawasaki disease: Series of 5 cases and review of literature.

Kawasaki disease is a generalized systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology involving medium and small size blood vessels throughout the body, virtually always involving the coronaries. In many part of this world, it is more common than rheumatic fever and viral myocarditis. Here, we are reporting 5 cases with history suggestive of Kawasaki disease in the early life, presenting with different coronary artery abnormalities.

Permanent pacemaker-related upper extremity deep vein thrombosis: a series of 20 cases.

Background: Upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) has become a common occurrence nowadays due to emergence of multiple newer risk factors, such as implantation of permanent pacemaker (PPM) and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. We are reporting 20 cases of upper extremity DVT related to PPM implantation.

Methods And Result: All the patients presented within 6 months, with unilateral upper extremity swelling (90%), pain (45%), erythema (15%), and other less frequent features.

Controlled transient respiratory arrest along with rapid right ventricular pacing for improving balloon stability during balloon valvuloplasty in pediatric patients with congenital aortic stenosis--a retrospective case series analysis.

Rapid right ventricular pacing is safe, effective, and established method to provide balloon stability during balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV). Controlled transient respiratory arrest at this point of time may further reduce left ventricular stroke volume, providing an additional benefit to maintain balloon stability. Two groups were studied.

A case of mitral stenosis with achalasia.

A 65-year-old woman with rheumatic heart disease and severe mitral stenosis developed dysphagia. As her dysphagia could not be directly attributed to an enlarged left atrium, she underwent barium swallow, which established the diagnosis of achalasia. This case report shows two unrelated diseases present in the same patient which individually can cause dysphagia.