Efficient synthesis of symmetrically substituted pyridines and substituted alkenes through green and heterogeneous catalysis with zinc phosphate.

This study presents a new environmentally sustainable catalytic method for the synthesis of symmetrically substituted pyridine derivatives and substituted alkene derivatives using zinc phosphate (Zn(PO)·4HO) as a non-toxic and green heterogeneous catalyst. The catalytic support was prepared by a co-precipitation method, and it was applied for the first time as a heterogeneous catalyst in organic synthesis. Trisubstituted pyridine derivatives were prepared with excellent yields (82-94%) a three-component, one-pot synthesis of aromatic aldehydes, substituted acetophenones, and ammonium acetate in the presence of 0.