Positive impact of cladribine tablets on reducing brain atrophy in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A longitudinal study.

Background: Measuring brain volume changes over time is an objective and dependable surrogate marker for the pathological processes that damage the brain in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). These measures are particularly valuable for monitoring the long-term impact of immunomodulatory treatments such as cladribine.

Objectives: To evaluate the long-term impact of oral cladribine treatment on brain volume loss in patients with RRMS.

Machine learning-based prediction of disease progression in primary progressive multiple sclerosis.

Primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) affects 10-15% of multiple sclerosis patients and presents significant variability in the rate of disability progression. Identifying key biological features and patients at higher risk for fast progression is crucial to develop and optimize treatment strategies. Peripheral blood cell transcriptome has the potential to provide valuable information to predict patients' outcomes.

Factors Influencing Refractive Surgery Rejection in Israeli Patients.

Background: One of the major causes of reversible visual impairment is a refractive error, which can be corrected through refractive surgery. Data regarding the outcomes and complications of these procedures exist; however, there is a notable gap in understanding the factors leading to patient rejection, particularly in diverse populations like Israel.

Objectives: To detect clinical risk factors of patients who intend to undergo LASIK procedure and to improve the conversion rates of LASIK procedure in this population.

Preferences and attitudes regarding early intervention in multiple sclerosis: A systematic literature review.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the brain and spinal cord, characterized by immune-mediated myelin damage. Early intervention and detection programs have emerged as promising strategies to improve patient outcomes by identifying and treating MS in its earliest stages.

Objective: This systematic literature review aims to provide an overview of the preferences, attitudes, and opinions of both patients and healthcare professionals regarding early intervention or early detection programs for MS.

Aspheric Macular Lens for Complication in Cataract Surgery.

Introduction: In this case report, we demonstrate the application of an aspheric macular lens (Grieshaber, Alcon) for conducting posterior segment procedures after a posterior capsular rupture (PCR) occurrence during cataract surgery.

Case Presentation: During a cataract surgery on a 70-year-old female patient, a PCR was identified, accompanied by the descent of the lens into the vitreous, and prompted subsequent interventions. This involved performing posterior-assisted levitation, anterior segment phacoemulsification, and anterior segment vitrectomy.

Pseudophakic cystoid macular oedema and posterior capsular opacification rates after combined phaco-trabeculectomy vs. phaco alone.

Purpose: To assess the risk for pseudophakic cystoid macular oedema (PCME) and posterior capsular opacification (PCO) associated with combined cataract surgery and trabeculectomy compared to cataract surgery alone.

Methods: Data analysis of subjects who underwent routine cataract surgery without and with concomitant trabeculectomy at the Department of Ophthalmology, Bristol Eye Hospital, the UK, between January 2008 and December 2017. Odds ratios (ORs) for PCME between the types of surgeries were calculated using univariate and multivariate regression analysis.

Postoperative Pain Comparison Between Alcohol-Assisted and Transepithelial Photorefractive Keratectomy Using Nepafenac Treatment: A Novel Study.

Introduction: The study aimed to compare postoperative pain between alcohol-assisted and transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy in patients who received the novel analgesic preoperative nepafenac treatment 2 days preoperatively and 3 days postoperatively. Pain, stinging, tearing, light sensitivity, and stress levels were evaluated.

Methods: The study included a retrospective analysis of 55 patients divided into two groups: bilateral alcohol-assisted photorefractive keratectomy (aa-PRK) and transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (transepithelial-PRK).

The "Ballerina" Sign: Posterior Capsular Rupture during Cataract Surgery.

Introduction: In this case study, we present the "Ballerina" sign as a potentially valuable clinical indicator for detecting posterior capsular rupture (PCR) during cataract surgery. The purpose of this study is to highlight the significance of PCR in the context of cataract surgery and introduce this novel sign.

Case Presentation: During the cataract operation on a 70-year-old patient, we observed a spiraling fragment of the nucleus attached to a vitreous string.

Use of a silicone shield to protect the optical cylinder following osteo- and osteo-odonto-keratoprosthesis (O/OKP) procedures.

Purpose: To describe the placement of a silicone shield to protect the optical cylinder following osteo-keratoprosthesis or osteo-odonto-keratoprosthesis (O/OKP) procedures in four patients.

Methods: In this retrospective observational study, we reviewed all patients who underwent O/OKP in our tertiary medical centre. We found four patients in whom a protective cellphone silicone shield (VisionGuard, Zagg, Utah, USA) was cut with a 3 mm dermal punch and placed on the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) optical cylinder of an O/OKP 3-4 months after implantation to either correct or prevent abrasions.

A Comprehensive Evaluation of 16 Old and New Intraocular Lens Power Calculation Formulas in Pediatric Eyes.

Purpose: To compare the accuracy of 16 intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulas in pediatric cataract eyes.

Patients And Methods: The data records of pediatric patients who had been implanted with three IOL models (SA60AT, MA60AC, and enVista-MX60) between 2012 and 2018 were analyzed. The accuracy of 16 IOL power calculation methods was evaluated: Barrett Universal II (BUII), Castrop, EVO 2.

Complications of pupil expansion devices: a large real-world study.

Purpose: To assess the risk for uveitis, pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME), and posterior capsular opacification (PCO) associated with the use of pupil expansion devices in cataract surgery.

Design: A retrospective comparative cohort study.

Participants: Patients who underwent routine cataract surgery with and without pupil expansion devices at the Department of Ophthalmology, Bristol Eye Hospital, UK, between January 2008 and December 2017.

The Effect of Blue-light Filtering Intraocular Lenses on the Development and Progression of Macular Atrophy in Eyes With Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration.

Purpose: To assess the effect of blue-light filtering (BLF) intraocular lenses (IOLs) on the development and progression of macular atrophy (MA) in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).

Design: Retrospective, clinical cohort study.

Methods: The study included patients with nAMD with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections who underwent uneventful cataract surgery between 2007 and 2018 with follow-up until June 2023.

Mapping brain volume change across time in primary-progressive multiple sclerosis.

Purpose: Detection and prediction of the rate of brain volume loss with age is a significant unmet need in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS). In this study we construct detailed brain volume maps for PPMS patients. These maps compare age-related changes in both cortical and sub-cortical regions with those in healthy individuals.

Correlation of Refractive Error with Anisometropia Development in Early Childhood.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the relationship between the type and severity of refractive error and anisometropia development in preschool children.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: Data from Maccabi Healthcare Services, Israel's second-largest Health Maintenance Organization (HMO), were analyzed.

Deciphering the shift from benign to active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Insights into T regulatory cell dysfunction and apoptosis regulation.

Background: Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), a common demyelinating disease among young adults, follows a benign course in 10-15% of cases, where patients experience minimal neurological disability for a decade following disease onset. However, there is potential for these benign cases to transition into a clinically active, relapsing state.

Objective: To elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying the transition from benign to active RRMS using gene expression analysis.

Type 1 and type 2 diabetes predisposed to higher Nd:YAG capsulotomy rates following cataract surgery: analysis of 53,471 consecutive cases.

Objective: To assess the effect of diabetes type on Nd:YAG capsulotomy rates following cataract surgery.

Design: A retrospective cohort study.

Methods: All patients who underwent cataract extraction at the Department of Ophthalmology, Bristol Eye Hospital, Bristol, UK, between 2003 and 2017 were included.

Efficacy comparison of combining cross-linking and refractive laser ablation in progressive keratoconus: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: This study assessed the effect of combining corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) with refractive laser ablation techniques for the treatment of keratoconus, a progressive corneal disorder.

Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of combined CXL and refractive techniques. We included all published clinical trials or observational studies published by September 1, 2023.

Femtosecond LASER-Assisted Double Intraocular Lens Exchange in Nanophthalmic Eyes.

Introduction: Though patients with nanophthalmos frequently endure decreased quality of vision with contact lenses or spectacles, refractive surgery is generally an inadequate alternative due to the associated high refractive error. A refractive lens exchange (RLE) is an alternative option but is technically challenging, requiring accuracy in biometry measurements and procedures.

Case Presentation: This case discusses a 27-year-old female with nanophthalmos (axial lengths 17.

[TUMOR-LIKE EFFECT AS INITIAL PRESENTATION OF PEDIATRIC MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS].

In both children and adults, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in cases of multiple sclerosis (MS) has typical indications, where one of the key points for differentiating between demyelinating processes and place-taking processes is the fact that most of the lesions that appear in multiple sclerosis do not cause a mass effect or much edema around them. There are several uncommon subtypes of multiple sclerosis that can appear specifically in adolescents, presenting with a stormy clinical course and accompanied by brain lesions that resemble space-occupying lesions. These include Marburg disease, Balò's concentric sclerosis, and tumefactive MS.

Emotional burden among MS patients: associations between specific chronic pain diagnoses and psychological features.

Central neuropathic pain (CNP) and musculoskeletal pain (MSP) are often comorbid with multiple sclerosis (MS), yet data on the emotional burden entailed by this comorbidity are very limited. We studied whether MS patients with CNP exhibited greater emotional burden and pain severity than those with MSP and whether this emotional burden was attributed to the MS, the chronic pain, or both. Participants were 125 MS patients (55 with CNP; 30 with MSP; 40 MS pain-free) and 30 healthy controls (HCs).

Pain control and subconjunctival haemorrhage after intravitreal injection using cooled anaesthetic eyedrops and antiseptics: A prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: To evaluate whether cooled anaesthetic eyedrops and antiseptics alleviate pain and minimise subconjunctival haemorrhage following intravitreal injection.

Methods: A prospective, double-masked, randomised controlled trial of 100 participants receiving either cooled (n = 50) or room temperature (n = 50) topical anaesthetic eyedrops and antiseptics before receiving an injection of bevacizumab. Baseline tolerability was estimated using a self-reported pain sensitivity questionnaire.

Safety and efficacy with alemtuzumab over 13 years in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: final results from the open-label TOPAZ study.

Background And Objectives: Alemtuzumab demonstrated superior efficacy subcutaneous interferon (IFN) beta-1a in participants with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in the 2-year CARE-MS I and II trials. Efficacy was maintained in the 4-year CARE-MS extension, during which alemtuzumab-treated participants ('alemtuzumab-only') could receive additional courses upon disease activity, and IFN-treated participants switched to alemtuzumab ('IFN-alemtuzumab'). Participants who completed the CARE-MS extension could enroll in the open-label TOPAZ study which assessed safety and efficacy for 5-7 years (11-13 years after alemtuzumab/IFN initiation).

Accelerated high fluence photoactivated chromophore for infectious keratitis-corneal cross-linking (PACK-CXL) at the slit lamp: a pilot study.

Photoactivated Chromophore for Infectious Keratitis-Corneal Cross-Linking (PACK-CXL) has garnered substantial interest among researchers and ophthalmologists due to its high promise as a potential treatment for infectious keratitis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of high fluence PACK-CXL, using 10.0 J/cm (30 mW/cm, 5 min, and 33 s) at the slit lamp.

Risk factors for a phacodonesis surprise during cataract surgery in patients with pseudoexfoliation.

Purpose: To evaluate the association of different pre-operative parameters with surprise phacodonesis during cataract surgery among patients with pseudoexfoliation (PXF).

Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective charts review of all PXF patients who underwent cataract surgery between the years 2013 and 2018. Pre-operative parameters (demographics, biometry, intraocular pressure (IOP), endothelial cell count, pupil size, cataract density, glaucoma status, cup to disc ratio, number of glaucoma medications, prior intra-vitreous injections, risk for intraoperative floppy iris syndrome) were compared between patients with and without surprise phacodonesis.