High density vertical optical interconnects for passive assembly.

The co-packaging of optics and electronics provides a potential path forward to achieving beyond 50 Tbps top of rack switch packages. In a co-packaged design, the scaling of bandwidth, cost, and energy is governed by the number of optical transceivers (TxRx) per package as opposed to transistor shrink. Due to the large footprint of optical components relative to their electronic counterparts, the vertical stacking of optical TxRx chips in a co-packaged optics design will become a necessity.

Resonant Light Emission from Graphene/Hexagonal Boron Nitride/Graphene Tunnel Junctions.

Single-layer graphene has many remarkable properties but does not lend itself as a material for light-emitting devices as a result of its lack of a band gap. This limitation can be overcome by a controlled stacking of graphene layers. Exploiting the unique Dirac cone band structure of graphene, we demonstrate twist-controlled resonant light emission from graphene/hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN)/graphene tunnel junctions.

Coupling Interlayer Excitons to Whispering Gallery Modes in van der Waals Heterostructures.

Van der Waals heterostructures assembled from two-dimensional materials offer a promising platform to engineer structures with desired optoelectronic characteristics. Here we use waveguide-coupled disk resonators made of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) to demonstrate cavity-coupled emission from interlayer excitons of a heterobilayer of two monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides. We sandwich a MoSe-WSe heterobilayer between two slabs of h-BN and directly pattern the resulting stack into waveguide-coupled disk resonators.

One-Dimensional Edge Contacts to a Monolayer Semiconductor.

Integration of electrical contacts into van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures is critical for realizing electronic and optoelectronic functionalities. However, to date no scalable methodology for gaining electrical access to buried monolayer two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors exists. Here we report viable edge contact formation to hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) encapsulated monolayer MoS.

Electron Transport through Metal/MoS Interfaces: Edge- or Area-Dependent Process?

In ultrathin two-dimensional (2-D) materials, the formation of ohmic contacts with top metallic layers is a challenging task that involves different processes than in bulk-like structures. Besides the Schottky barrier height, the transfer length of electrons between metals and 2-D monolayers is a highly relevant parameter. For MoS, both short (≤30 nm) and long (≥0.

Minimizing residues and strain in 2D materials transferred from PDMS.

Integrating layered two-dimensional (2D) materials into 3D heterostructures offers opportunities for novel material functionalities and applications in electronics and photonics. In order to build the highest quality heterostructures, it is crucial to preserve the cleanliness and morphology of 2D material surfaces that come in contact with polymers such as PDMS during transfer. Here we report that substantial residues and up to ∼0.

Diacerein protects against iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis in the femorotibial joints of rats.

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of diacerein on the histopathology of articular cartilage and subchondral bone of the femorotibial joint in rats. Osteoarthritis was induced in rats after single intra-articular injection of sodium iodoacetate. Rats were sacrificed 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks post intra-articular injection to evaluate the progression of histopathogenesis of osteoarthritis.

Targeting of diacerein loaded lipid nanoparticles to intra-articular cartilage using chondroitin sulfate as homing carrier for treatment of osteoarthritis in rats.

Unlabelled: Targeted delivery of antiosteoarthritic drug diacerein to articular tissue could be a major achievement and soluble polysaccharide chondroitin sulfate (ChS) may be a suitable agent for this. Therefore, diacerein loaded solid lipid nanoparticles modified with ChS (ChS-DC-SLN) were prepared for synergistic effect of these agents to combat multidimensional pathology of osteoarthritis (OA). Prepared formulation were of size range 396±2.

Development of lipid nanoparticles of diacerein, an antiosteoarthritic drug for enhancement in bioavailability and reduction in its side effects.

Osteoarthritis is the most common, multi component joint disease mainly characterized by destruction of articular cartilage which leads up to subchondral bone. Current treatment by NSAID's gives only symptomatic relief but semi-synthetic anthraquinone diacerein is novel chondroprotective agent intended for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Its active metabolite rhein inhibits the agents responsible for cartilage degradation.

Proximity-induced high-temperature superconductivity in the topological insulators Bi₂Se₃ and Bi₂Te₃.

Interest in the superconducting proximity effect has been reinvigorated recently by novel optoelectronic applications as well as by the possible emergence of the elusive Majorana fermion at the interface between topological insulators and superconductors. Here we produce high-temperature superconductivity in Bi(2)Se(3) and Bi(2)Te(3) via proximity to Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8+δ), to access higher temperature and energy scales for this phenomenon. This was achieved by a new mechanical bonding technique that we developed, enabling the fabrication of high-quality junctions between materials, unobtainable by conventional approaches.

In vivo and cytotoxicity evaluation of repaglinide-loaded binary solid lipid nanoparticles after oral administration to rats.

The purpose of this work was to develop prolonged release binary lipid matrix-based solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) of repaglinide (RG) for oral intestinal delivery and to improve the bioavailability of RG. SLN were designed by using glycerol monostearate and tristearin as lipid core materials and Pluronic-F68 as stabilizer. SLN were characterised by their particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, solid-state studies, in vitro drug release, particle surface and storage stability at 30 °C/65% relative humidity for 3 months.

Studies on binary lipid matrix based solid lipid nanoparticles of repaglinide: in vitro and in vivo evaluation.

The purpose of present study is to examine effect of binary lipid matrix (combination of lipids) on the entrapment and storage stability of repaglinide (RG) loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN). Solid lipid nanoparticles were prepared by modified solvent injection method for oral delivery to improve the bioavailability of RG, an antidiabetic drug. The stearic acid and tristearin were used to form lipid core materials, and Pluronic-F68 was used as a stabilizer.

Effect of lipid matrix on repaglinide-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for oral delivery.

Aim: To study the effect of different types of lipid on the entrapment efficiency (EE) and physical stability of repaglinide (RG)-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). RG-loaded SLNs were prepared by modified solvent injection method using stearic acid (RSA), glycerol monosteratae (RGM), glyceryl behenate (RGB) and tristearin (RTS). Poloxamer F68 was used as a stabilizer.

Formulation and evaluation of solid lipid nanoparticles of a water soluble drug: Zidovudine.

The present investigation was undertaken to develop solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) of a hydrophilic drug Zidovudine (an anti-human immunodeficiency viral agent) and improve the entrapment efficiency of the drug in SLN. The SLN were prepared with stearic acid by process of w/o/w double-emulsion solvent-evaporation method using 3(2) factorial design. Different triglycerides alone and in different combinations, with/without stearic acid were used to prepare SLN using similar procedure.

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of buccal bioadhesive films containing salbutamol sulphate.

The aim of present study was to prepare and evaluate buccal bioadhesive films of salbutamol sulphate (SS) for the treatment of asthma. The films were designed to release the drug for a prolonged period of time so as to reduce the frequency of administration of the available conventional dosage forms of SS. The different proportions of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC) and Carbopol 940P (CP 940P) were used for the preparation of films.

Assessment of solubilization characteristics of different surfactants for carvedilol phosphate as a function of pH.

The effect of surfactants on the solubility of a new phosphate salt of carvedilol was investigated at different biorelevent pH to evaluate their solubilization capacity. Solutions of different classes of surfactants viz., anionic-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium taurocholate (STC), cationic-cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and non-ionic-Tween 80 (T80) were prepared in the concentration range of 5-35 mmol dm(-3) in buffer solutions of pH 1.