Impacts of birth season and production system on gastrointestinal parasitism and growth in Katahdin lambs.

Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infection adversely affects the performance and well-being of forage-based sheep throughout the world. The study objectives were to estimate longitudinal differences between birth seasons and production systems for lamb postweaning growth and indicators of GIN infection. Data were collected on Katahdin lambs within a single flock from 2006 to 2022.

High sound pressure piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers using sputtered potassium sodium niobate.

This work presents air-coupled piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers (pMUTs) with high sound pressure level (SPL) under low-driving voltages by utilizing sputtered potassium sodium niobate KNaNbO (KNN) films. A prototype single KNN pMUT has been tested to show a resonant frequency at 106.3 kHz under 4 V with outstanding characteristics: (1) a large vibration amplitude of 3.

Reverse endothelial scraping technique (REST) for an infectious corneal endothelial plaque.

A male patient in his 20s, suffering from a persistent, infection-related corneal endothelial plaque (EP) was urgently referred to our tertiary medical centre for therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty (TPK). Over the preceding month, he had been undergoing treatment with both topical and oral antifungal medications due to clinical suspicion of fungal keratitis. At our centre, an endothelial scraping was performed using a reverse Sinskey hook to obtain samples for microbiology and revealed septate branching fungal hyphae.

BDNF augmentation reverses cranial radiation therapy-induced cognitive decline and neurodegenerative consequences.

Cranial radiation therapy (RT) for brain cancers is often associated with the development of radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction (RICD). RICD significantly impacts the quality of life for cancer survivors, highlighting an unmet medical need. Previous human studies revealed a marked reduction in plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) post-chronic chemotherapy, linking this decline to a substantial cognitive dysfunction among cancer survivors.

Rare intrapelvic migration of a sliding hip screw after hip fracture fixation.

Sliding hip screws (SHSs) are commonly used for the operative treatment of extracapsular neck of femur fractures. We report 2 rare cases of intrapelvic migration of an SHS, resultant of non-unions, threatening regional major vessels. Only a handful of such cases have previously been reported in the literature.

Anterior Approach for Fixation of Acetabular Fractures Using Anatomically Designed Plates: Maintenance of Reduction and Functional Outcomes at a Minimum Five-Year Follow-Up.

Background Acetabular fractures with quadrilateral plate involvement have been shown to have a high rate of complications. Anatomic suprapectineal plating systems have been developed to manage these injuries with good short-term outcomes. However, long-term maintenance of anatomical reduction and functional outcomes has yet to be established.

Malperfusion syndrome in patients undergoing repair for acute type A aortic dissection: Presentation, mortality, and utility of the Penn classification.

Background: The current study aims to report the presentation of the malperfusion syndrome in patients with acute type A aortic dissection admitted to surgery and its impact on mortality.

Methods: Data were retrieved from the multicenter European Registry of Type A Aortic Dissection. The Penn classification was used to categorize malperfusion syndromes.

Dynamin-1 is a potential mediator in cancer-related cognitive impairment.

Dynamin-1 (DNM1) is crucial for synaptic activity, neurotransmission, and associative memory, positioning it as a potential biomarker of cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI), a neurological consequence of cancer treatment characterized by memory loss, poor concentration, and impaired executive function. Through a stepwise approach, this study investigated the role of DNM1 in CRCI pathogenesis, incorporating both human data and animal models. The human study recruited newly diagnosed, chemotherapy-naïve adolescent and young adult cancer and non-cancer controls to complete a cognitive instrument (FACT-Cog) and blood draws for up to three time points.

Myeloid-derived β-hexosaminidase is essential for neuronal health and lysosome function: implications for Sandhoff disease.

Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are a large disease class involving lysosomal dysfunction, often resulting in neurodegeneration. Sandhoff disease (SD) is an LSD caused by a deficiency in the β subunit of the β-hexosaminidase enzyme (). Although expression in the brain is specific to microglia, SD primarily affects neurons.

Aortic arch replacement in patients with previous repair of acute aortic dissection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Despite the popularity of the frozen elephant technique procedure in recent years, evidence is scarce regarding its utilization for aortic arch replacement following previous acute aortic dissection repair. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to analyse clinical outcomes of aortic arch replacement in patients with previous repair of acute aortic dissection.

Methods: A systematic literature search on PubMed, MEDLINE via Ovid, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science until March 2024 was performed for studies on open aortic arch replacement with or without frozen elephant technique procedure in adult patients after previous acute aortic dissection repair.

Toxicological consequences of yellowjacket wasp and its larvae entomophagy in Himalayan region of Nepal; case report and review of literature.

Entomophagy, or insect consumption, is a common traditional practice in Asia, Africa, and South America including Nepal. Despite its longstanding cultural presence, there is limited literature on the toxicological effects of ingesting wasp larvae. This case report describes seven individuals who experienced toxicity after consuming pan-fried yellowjacket wasp larvae in August 2023.

Integrating priorities at the intersection of cancer and neuroscience.

Cancer neuroscience is a rapidly growing multidisciplinary field that conceptualizes tumors as tissues fully integrated into the nervous system. Recognizing the complexity and challenges in this field is of fundamental importance to achieving the goal of translational impact for cancer patients. Our commentary highlights key scientific priorities, optimal training settings, and roadblocks to translating scientific findings to the clinic in this emerging field, aiming to formulate a transformative and cohesive path forward.

Utilization of Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support Among Medicare Beneficiaries Newly Diagnosed With Diabetes in Arkansas, 12 Months Postdiagnosis (2015-2018).

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine the rate of diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) utilization among Medicare fee-for-service (FFS) and Medicare Advantage (MA) populations with type 2 diabetes in Arkansas.

Methods: The Arkansas All-Payer Claims Database was used to identify Medicare FFS and MA beneficiaries diagnosed with type 2 diabetes from 2015 to 2018. Claims from 2013 to 2020 were analyzed to determine newly diagnosed individuals from 2015 to 2018.

B cell αv integrin regulates germinal center derived lung-resident IgA B cell responses following influenza virus infection.

Emerging studies have highlighted the importance of tissue-resident B cells in the lungs, for protective immunity against respiratory viruses. However, the mechanisms controlling generation and maintenance of such tissue-resident B cells at respiratory sites remain obscure. We have previously shown that αv integrins limit B cell responses to antigens containing Toll-like receptor ligands, and that deletion of B cell αv integrins, in mice, enhances germinal center (GC)-derived long-lived B cell responses after systemic immunization with viral antigens.

BDNF augmentation reverses cranial radiation therapy-induced cognitive decline and neurodegenerative consequences.

Cranial radiation therapy (RT) for brain cancers is often associated with the development of radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction (RICD). RICD significantly impacts the quality of life for cancer survivors, highlighting an unmet medical need. Previous human studies revealed a marked reduction in plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) post-chronic chemotherapy, linking this decline to a substantial cognitive dysfunction among cancer survivors.

Psychiatric Comorbidity among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients.

Background The co-occurrence of psychiatric conditions and diabetes mellitus is frequently observed. This coexistence manifests in various ways, leading to a diminished quality of life, heightened healthcare expenses, reduced treatment compliance, suboptimal blood sugar control, and an upsurge in visits to the emergency room. Objective To evaluate the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity in patients with type 2 diabetes at a specialized medical center.

Medications for opioid use disorder: Predictors of early discontinuation and reduction of overdose risk in US military veterans by medication type.

Aim: This study: (1) estimated the effect of early discontinuation of medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) on overdose probability and (2) measured the relationship between patient characteristics and early discontinuation probability for each MOUD type.

Design, Setting And Participants: This was a retrospective cohort using electronic health record data from the US Veterans Healthcare Administration. Participants were veterans initiating MOUD with buprenorphine (BUP), methadone (MET) or extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) from fiscal years 2012-19.

Traumatic native hip dislocation in the absence of acetabular or femoral fracture in adults: a retrospective study reporting clinical and radiological outcomes from a major trauma centre in the United Kingdom.

Introduction: Posterior native hip dislocations (NHD) are high-energy injuries. Thompson-Epstein Type I dislocations describe those without significant associated femoral or acetabular fracture. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of patients with Type I NHDs.

Associations Between Sociodemographic Factors And Interest in Remote Patient Monitoring Among Arkansas Residents.

Remote patient monitoring (RPM) has the power to transform health care delivery, as it allows for the digital transmission of individual health data to health care professionals, providing the most up-to-date information to be able to make medical decisions. Although RPM use has grown exponentially during the pandemic, there is limited information on the association between sociodemographic characteristics and interest in RPM use in underserved areas of the United States after the onset of the pandemic. We conducted a survey via random digit dialing of 2201 adults living in Arkansas in March of 2022.

Structural plasticity of pyramidal cell neurons measured after FLASH and conventional dose-rate irradiation.

Evidence shows that ultra-high dose-rate FLASH-radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) protects against normal tissue complications and functional decrements in the irradiated brain. Past work has shown that radiation-induced cognitive impairment, neuroinflammation and reduced structural complexity of granule cell neurons were not observed to the same extent after FLASH-RT (> MGy/s) compared to conventional dose-rate (CONV, 0.1 Gy/s) delivery.