Genital Warts in Women Vaccinated against HPV in Childhood: A Systematic Review.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection among young women. Notably, more than ten years after the introduction of HPV vaccination programs in Europe, it is essential to review the real-world evidence of the incidence of anogenital warts (GWs) among women vaccinated during childhood. In this systematic review, three databases were searched for studies published between January 2008 and September 2023.

Does repeated exposure to hydrogen peroxide induce Candida auris resistance?

Background: To minimize environmental colonization by microorganisms that may persist and thrive in healthcare settings, thus reducing healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), new insights over already known biocides are certainly of relevance. Although the efficacy of hydrogen peroxide (HO) against the emergent yeast Candida auris is moderately documented, concerns over the potential induction of resistance after repeated exposure do persist. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the hypothetical induction of Candida auris resistance following 30 days of consecutive exposure to lethal and sublethal concentrations of HO.

Impact of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination on Male Disease: A Systematic Review.

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related diseases are highly prevalent in men worldwide, comprising external anogenital condyloma, anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN), penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), and anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. There is exceptionally low vaccine coverage in the male population. Only 4% of men were fully vaccinated, worldwide, as of 2019.

Mpox Person-to-Person Transmission-Where Have We Got So Far? A Systematic Review.

The recent multi-country outbreak of Mpox (Monkeypox disease) constituted a public health emergency. Although animal-to-human transmission is known to be the primary way of transmission, an increasing number of cases transmitted by person-to-person contact have been reported. During the recent Mpox outbreak sexual or intimate contact has been considered the most important way of transmission.

Microbiota of Urine, Glans and Prostate Biopsies in Patients with Prostate Cancer Reveals a Dysbiosis in the Genitourinary System.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignant neoplasm with the highest worldwide incidence in men aged 50 years and older. Emerging evidence suggests that the microbial dysbiosis may promote chronic inflammation linked to the development of PCa. Therefore, this study aims to compare the microbiota composition and diversity in urine, glans swabs, and prostate biopsies between men with PCa and non-PCa men.

Virulence and Antifungal Resistance Mechanisms: A Comprehensive Review of Key Determinants.

Candida parapsilosis is the second most common Candida species isolated in Asia, Southern Europe, and Latin America and is often involved in invasive infections that seriously impact human health. This pathogen is part of the psilosis complex, which also includes Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis. C.

Microbiome in Male Genital Mucosa (Prepuce, Glans, and Coronal Sulcus): A Systematic Review.

The human body represents a complex and diverse reservoir of microorganisms. Although the human microbiome remains poorly characterized and understood, it should not be underestimated, since recent studies have highlighted its importance in health. This is especially evident when considering microbiota in the male reproductive system, responsible for men’s fertility and sexual behavior.

Genomic evolution towards azole resistance in Candida glabrata clinical isolates unveils the importance of CgHxt4/6/7 in azole accumulation.

The increasing prevalence of candidosis caused by Candida glabrata is related to its ability to acquire azole resistance. Although azole resistance mechanisms are well known, the mechanisms for azole import into fungal cells have remained obscure. In this work, we have characterized two hexose transporters in C.

Reducing Blood Loss in a Burn Care Unit: A Review of Its Key Determinants.

Patients with a major burn injury differ considerably from the typical critical ill and trauma population. Very often, burn patients suffer from anemia throughout their hospital stay. This is caused both by combination of persistent blood loss with decreased erythropoiesis.

Clinical azole cross-resistance in Candida parapsilosis is related to a novel MRR1 gain-of-function mutation.

Objectives: Hereby, we describe the molecular mechanisms underlying the acquisition of azole resistance by a Candida parapsilosis isolate following fluconazole treatment due to candiduria.

Methods: A set of three consecutive C. parapsilosis isolates were recovered from the urine samples of a patient with candiduria.

The Role of Phage Therapy in Burn Wound Infections Management: Advantages and Pitfalls.

Burn wound infections are often the source of bacteria responsible for systemic infections, including bloodstream infections and pneumonia that ultimately can result in multisystem organ failure and death. Any rapid change in the burn wound appearance or the clinical condition of the burn patient may herald burn wound infection or sepsis. The revival of phage therapy, either in single mode or in combination with conventional antibiotics may represent a valuable alternative, to treat specific bacterial infections such as burn wound infections, including those caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.

Evaluation of FASTinov Ultrarapid Flow Cytometry Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Directly from Positive Blood Cultures.

The FASTinov flow cytometry kit, an ultrarapid antimicrobial susceptibility test, was directly evaluated on positive blood cultures (BC) at two sites: (i) FASTinov, S.A., in Porto, Portugal, using BC spiked with well-characterized bacteria, and (ii) Ramón y Cajal University Hospital in Madrid, Spain, using positive BC from patients.

The transcription factor Ndt80 is a repressor of Candida parapsilosis virulence attributes.

is an emergent opportunistic yeast among hospital settings that affects mainly neonates and immunocompromised patients. Its most remarkable virulence traits are the ability to adhere to prosthetic materials, as well as the formation of biofilm on abiotic surfaces. The Ndt80 transcription factor was identified as one of the regulators of biofilm formation by ; however, its function in this process was not yet clarified.

Chronic wounds and novel therapeutic approaches.

In the past decade, the frequency of chronic wounds in older population has increased, and their impact on quality of life is substantial. Chronic wounds are a public health problem associated with very high economic and psychosocial costs. These wounds result from various pathologies and comorbidities, such arterial and venous insufficiency, diabetes mellitus and continuous skin pressure.

Colistin Update on Its Mechanism of Action and Resistance, Present and Future Challenges.

Colistin has been extensively used since the middle of the last century in animals, particularly in swine, for the control of enteric infections. Colistin is presently considered the last line of defense against human infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative organisms such as carbapenemase-producer , , and . Transferable bacterial resistance like mcr-genes was reported in isolates from both humans and animals.

A Rapid Flow Cytometric Antimicrobial Susceptibility Assay (FASTvet) for Veterinary Use - Preliminary Data.

A rapid flow cytometric antimicrobial susceptibility test for bacteria isolated from companion animals - the FAST assay, developed by FASTinov, was evaluated. Bacterial strains isolated from different biological samples of companion animals with infectious diseases in progress were obtained from several veterinary clinical laboratories across the country. A total of 115 strains, comprising 65 Gram-negative and 50 Gram positive isolates, were incubated with 13 antimicrobial drugs (ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, piperacillin-tazobactam, cefpodoxime, imipenem, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, amikacin for Gram-negative; penicillin, cefoxitin, enrofloxacin, vancomycin and ampicillin for Gram-positive) at breakpoint concentrations following CLSI protocol (CLSI Vet 01, 2018) for 1 h and analyzed by flow cytometry.

Experience in Management of Burn Injury During Pregnancy in a Burn Unit.

Burns injuries during pregnancy are rarely reported in developed countries, but an increasing in mortality and morbidity has been observed. The authors describe their experience in the treatment of pregnant women in a burn unit. A 12-year retrospective study of burns in pregnant women hospitalized was conducted.

Ultra-rapid flow cytometry assay for colistin MIC determination in Enterobacterales, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii.

Objectives: Both EUCAST and CLSI recommend broth microdilution for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of colistin, but this method is cumbersome and takes 16-24 h to give results. Our objective was to evaluate a rapid quantitative colistin MIC susceptibility assay based on flow cytometry analysis (FASTcolistin MIC) in comparison with standard broth microdilution assay.

Methods: One hundred and sixteen Gram-negative bacilli (78 Enterobacterales, 28 Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 10 Acinetobacter baumannii) were studied in parallel using standard broth microdilution following EUCAST recommendations and FASTcolistin MIC kit.

FKS1 mutation associated with decreased echinocandin susceptibility of Aspergillus fumigatus following anidulafungin exposure.

Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a potentially lethal infection that affects mostly immunocompromised patients caused by Aspergillus fumigatus. Echinocandins are a second-line therapy against IA, used as a salvage therapy as well as for empirical or prophylactic therapy. Although they cause lysis of growing hyphal tips, they are considered fungistatic against molds.

Evaluation of ultra-rapid susceptibility testing of ceftolozane-tazobactam by a flow cytometry assay directly from positive blood cultures.

The urgent need for rapid antimicrobial susceptibility is broadly apparent from government reports to the lay press. Accordingly, we developed a flow-cytometry assay (FCM) for evaluating ceftolozane-tazobactam (C/T) susceptibility directly on blood cultures (BC) requiring < 2 h from flag positivity to report. The protocol was optimized with C/T-susceptible and C/T-resistant gram-negative bacilli inoculated in BC aerobic bottles (Becton-Dickinson, USA), and afterward optimized for different C/T concentrations (1/4, 2/4, 4/4, and 8/4 mg/L) for 1 h incubation (37 °C), followed by FCM and software analysis.

Hard-to-heal wounds, biofilm and wound healing: an intricate interrelationship.

Hard-to-heal wounds are a major public health problem that incur high economic costs. A major source of morbidity, they can have an overwhelming impact on patients, caregivers and society. In contrast to acute wound healing, which follows an 'orderly and timely reparative process', the healing of hard-to-heal wounds is delayed because the usual biological progression is interrupted.

Antifungal Resistance and Tolerance in Bloodstream Infections: The Triad Yeast-Host-Antifungal.

represents the most frequent isolated yeast from bloodstream infections. Despite the remarkable progress in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, these infections continue to be a critical challenge in intensive care units worldwide. The economic cost of bloodstream fungal infections and its associated mortality, especially in debilitated patients, remains unacceptably high.

Mechanisms of Acquired and Resistance to Voriconazole by Candida krusei following Exposure to Suboptimal Drug Concentration.

Five isolates (susceptible and resistant) recovered from the urine of a kidney transplant patient treated with voriconazole (VRC) 200 mg twice daily for 20 days were studied. Eight unrelated clinical isolates of were exposed to VRC 0.001 μg/ml for 30 days.

Draft Genome Sequences of Three Clinical Isolates of the Pathogenic Yeast Candida glabrata.

Here, we report the draft genome sequences of three clinical isolates, 040, 044, and OL152. The isolates were recovered from patients admitted to Centro Hospitalar de S. João (CHSJ) in Porto, Portugal.