New mitochondrial genomes of three whip spider species from the Amazon (Arachnida, Amblypygi) with phylogenetic relationships and comparative analysis.

The complete mitochondrial genomes of the whip spiders Charinus carajas, C. ferreus, and Heterophrynus longicornis were sequenced, annotated, and compared with other mitogenomes of whip spiders and arachnids. The three new mitogenomes have the 37 genes usually observed in Metazoa: 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), plus a non-coding control region (CR).

Phylogenomics, evolution of trophic traits and divergence times of hemiodontid fishes (Ostariophysi: Characiformes).

The South American characiform family Hemiodontidae comprises five genera and 34 species. The family lacks comprehensive phylogenetic hypotheses resolving its species relationships. The studies that addressed these questions exhibited a narrow taxon sampling or used single-locus markers.

A new species of Hemiodus Müller (Characiformes: Hemiodontidae) from the lower Rio Xingu, Brazil.

A new species of Hemiodus is described from the Rio Xingu basin, Pará, Brazil. It is distinguished from congeners by the combination of presence of a dark longitudinal stripe extending from head to tip of lower caudal-fin lobe, an oblique blotch on dorsal-fin, 9-11 scale rows above lateral line, 58-66 perforated lateral line scales, and 17-20 circumpeduncular scales. Comments on the conservation status of the new species, as well as its relationships among Hemiodus species, are made.