A Novel Preoperative Classification System for Selecting Suitable Surgeries in Liver Transplant Patients with Portal Vein Cavernous Transformation.

Background: To evaluate the new preoperative Changgung classification (CC) system of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) in choosing suitable operative procedures to reconstruct portal veins during liver transplantation (LT) in patients with portal vein cavernous transformation (PVCT).

Methods: This retrospective observational study analyzed data from allograft LTs performed for various liver diseases.

Results: The study included 22 males and 4 females with LT indications comprising cirrhosis ( = 9), hepatocellular carcinoma ( = 12), PVCT ( = 2), liver failure from fulminant hepatitis B ( = 1), dysfunction of transplanted liver ( = 1), and chronic rejection of transplanted liver ( = 1).

Ex-vivo Liver Resection and Autotransplantation for Liver Malignancy : A Large Volume Retrospective Clinical Study.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of optimized ex-vivo liver resection and autotransplantation (ELRA) for treating liver malignancies.

Background: ELRA is a promising surgery for radical resection of conventionally unresectable tumors, despite the disappointing long-term prognosis during its developmental stages. A recent multicenter study reported 5-year overall and disease-free survival rates of 28% and 20.

Location and extent of cavernous transformation of the portal vein dictates different visceral side revascularization in Meso-Rex bypass.

Background: As an emerging standard of care for portal vein cavernous transformation (PVCT), Meso-Rex bypass (MRB) has been complicated and variated. The study aim was to propose a new classification of PVCT to guide MRB operations.

Methods: Demographic data, the extent of extrahepatic PVCT, surgical methods for visceral side revascularization, intraoperative blood loss, operating time, changes in visceral venous pressure before and after MRB, postoperative complications and the condition of bypass vessels after MRB were extracted retrospectively from the medical records of 19 patients.

NIR-II fluorescence microscopic bioimaging for intrahepatic angiography and the early detection of microlesions.

Hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE) is caused by the metacestode of , which shows characteristics of malignant tumors with high mortality. However, traditional diagnostic imaging methods are still not sufficient for the recognition of HAE microlesions in the early stages. Near-infrared-II (900-1700 nm, NIR-II) fluorescence microscopic imaging (NIR-II-FMI) has shown great potential for biomedical detection.

Differential Gene Expression Profiling in Alveolar Echinococcosis Identifies Potential Biomarkers Associated With Angiogenesis.

Background: Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a worldwide zoonosis caused by . Alveolar echinococcosis is a severe chronic parasitic disease that exhibits a tumor-like growth, with the potential for invasion and distant metastasis; however, the molecular mechanism underlying this condition remains unclear.

Methods: Transcriptome analyses were performed to detect differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in samples from patients with AE with invasion and distant metastasis.

From liver surgery to liver transplant surgery: new developments in autotransplantation.

Purpose Of Review: In spite of substantial technical improvements and conceptual revolutions in advanced liver surgery, there are still straitened circumstances that pose difficulties for in-situ liver resections. Ex-vivo liver resection and autotransplantation (ELRA) is a hybrid technique combining experiences from conventional liver surgery and liver transplantation. This technique is becoming more comprehensive and popular among leading centers recently.

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals the Heterogeneity of Infiltrating Immune Cell Profiles in the Hepatic Cystic Echinococcosis Microenvironment.

Human cystic echinococcosis, caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato, has been reported a near-cosmopolitan zoonotic disease. Various infiltrating immune cells gather around the lesion and produce a lesion microenvironment; however, cellular composition and heterogeneity in hepatic cystic echinococcosis lesion microenvironments are incompletely understood. Here, 81,865 immune cells isolated from peripheral blood, perilesion liver tissue, and adjacent normal liver tissue from four cystic echinococcosis patients were profiled using single-cell RNA sequencing.

Quantitative evaluation of range and metabolic activity of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis lesion microenvironment using PET/CT and multi-site sampling method.

Background: Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) lesion microenvironment (LME) is crucial site where parasite-host interactions happen and of great significance during surgery and obtaining liver samples for basic research. However, little is known about quantification of LME range and its' metabolic activity regarding different lesion characteristics.

Methods: A prospective and retrospective analysis of LME from surgical AE patients was performed.

Identification of infiltrating immune cell subsets and heterogeneous macrophages in the lesion microenvironment of hepatic cystic echinococcosis patients with different cyst viability.

Human cystic echinococcosis (CE) is characterized by lesion microenvironment formation through gathering various immune cells, including macrophages. However, immune cell subsets and heterogeneous macrophages in CE lesion microenvironment are poorly defined. Massive infiltrating immune cells formed lesion microenvironment, among which CD4T cells and CD19B cells were predominant and CD68 macrophages were more evident in patients with active cysts.

Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine profile in hepatic cystic Echinococcosis patients with different cyst stages.

Aims: The study aimed to investigate possible correlation between expression level of Th1/Th2/Th17-type profile and cyst viability in the systemic and local immunity of hepatic cystic Echinococcosis (CE) patients.

Methods And Results: Expression of Th1-type interleukin (IL)-2, interferon (IFN)-γ, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, Th2-type IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and Th17-type IL-17A was examined in the serum and liver samples of hepatic CE patients with different cyst stages. Compared with healthy controls, Th1/Th2/Th17-type cytokines were significantly increased in the serum of hepatic CE patients.

[Simultaneous combined radical surgery for hepatic and renal alveolar echinococcosis: an analysis of 10 clinical cases].

To examine the feasibility, safety and efficacy of simultaneous combined radical surgery for hepatic and renal alveolar echinococcosis (AE). Clinical dates of consecutive 10 hepatic and renal AE patients who accepted surgical treatment in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University during April 2013 to September 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 8 males and 2 females, aged (42.

Double versus single T-tube drainage for frank cysto-biliary communication in patients with hepatic cystic echinococcosis: a retrospective cohort study with median 11 years follow-up.

Background: Partial peri-cystectomy (PPC) is one of the major surgical approaches for hepatic cystic echinococcosis (CE) and has been practiced in most centers worldwide. Cysto-biliary communication (fistula, leakage, rupture) is a problematic issue in CE patients. T-tube is a useful technique in situations where an exploration and decompression are needed for common bile duct (CBD).

Multiple recurrent cystic echinococcosis with abdominal aortic involvement: A case report.

Background: Recurrent cystic echinococcosis (CE) with vital organ involvement is a challenge for clinicians. Herein, we report a case of aortic involvement in recurrent retroperitoneal CE lesions following primary splenic CE resection.

Case Summary: A 60-year-old male was admitted due to progressive abdominal pain and poor appetite.

Direct effects of transforming growth factor-β1 signaling on the differentiation fate of fetal hepatic progenitor cells.

To investigate direct roles of TGF-β1 signaling in the differentiation process of fetal hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs). Exogenous TGF-β1 and SB431542 were added into fetal HPCs. Then, SB431542 was intraperitoneally injected into pregnant mice for 8 days.

Progress and applications of single-cell sequencing techniques.

Single-cell sequencing (SCS) is a next-generation sequencing method that is mainly used to analyze differences in genetic and protein information between cells, to obtain genetic information on microorganisms that are difficult to cultivate at a single-cell level and to better understand their specific roles in the microenvironment. By sequencing the whole genome, transcriptome and epigenome of a single cell, the complex heterogeneous mechanisms involved in disease occurrence and progression can be revealed, further improving disease diagnosis, prognosis prediction and monitoring of the therapeutic effects of drugs. In this study, we mainly summarized the methods and application fields of SCS, which may provide potential references for its future clinical applications, including the analysis of embryonic and organ development, the immune system, cancer progression, and parasitic and infectious diseases as well as stem cell research, antibody screening, and therapeutic research and development.

The local immune response during Echinococcus granulosus growth in a quantitative hepatic experimental model.

The local immune mechanisms responsible for the establishment and development of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto infection in the liver, have been little explored. We developed a suitable experimental model that mimics naturally infected livers using portal injection of protoscoleces. Opposite to Echinococcus multilocularis infection which is dose-dependent, fully mature hydatid cysts can be established in the liver whatever the injection dose; although most of the infection sites were seen at the establishment phase as inflammatory granulomas associated with fibrosis, they never matured into cysts.

Echinococcus multilocularis inoculation induces NK cell functional decrease through high expression of NKG2A in C57BL/6 mice.

Background: Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus multilocularis (E. multilocularis), and considered as public health issue. Parasite-host immune interaction is pivotal during infection.

Immune Exhaustion of T Cells in Alveolar Echinococcosis Patients and Its Reversal by Blocking Checkpoint Receptor TIGIT in a Murine Model.

Background And Aims: The cestode Echinococcus multilocularis infection, a serious health problem worldwide, causes alveolar echinococcosis (AE), a tumor-like disease predominantly located in the liver and able to spread to any organs. Until now, there have been few studies that explore how T-cell exhaustion contributes to the parasite's escape from immune attack and how it might be reversed.

Approach And Results: In this study, we found that liver T-cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domain (TIGIT) expression was significantly enhanced and positively correlated with lesion activity in AE patients.

TGF-β1 signaling activates hepatic stellate cells through Notch pathway.

Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), as the most important stromal cells in the liver microenvironment, play crucial roles in hepatic fibrosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver regeneration and fetal liver development after transdifferentiating into myofibroblasts (MFs). Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), as an important polyergic cytokine, is involved in HSCs activation process. However, the specific mechanisms of HSCs transdifferentiation process are not clearly demonstrated.

[Changes of Toll-like Receptor mRNA and Related Cytokines in Patients with Hepatic Alveolar Echinococcosis].

Objective: To investigate the expression of Toll-like receptor 2（TLR2） and TLR4 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMC） and in the liver of patients with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE), and their correlations with related cytokines in plasma.

Methods: Twenty-eight HAE patients hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University during January 2012 and June 2015 and 28 healthy volunteers as a control were enrolled in this study. Plasma levels of interferon-γ （IFN-γ）, interleukin-5 （IL-5）, IL-23, and IL-10 were measured by ELISA.

Parasitic infection as a potential therapeutic tool against rheumatoid arthritis.

Parasites, which are a recently discovered yet ancient dweller in human hosts, remain a great public health burden in underdeveloped countries, despite preventative efforts. Rheumatoid arthritis is a predominantly cosmopolitan health problem with drastic morbidity rates, although encouraging progress has been achieved regarding treatment. However, although various types of methods and agents have been applied clinically, their broad usage has been limited by their adverse effects and/or high costs.