Preliminary evaluation of epidural morphine for treatment of heroin withdrawal.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of epidural morphine in treating heroin withdrawal in patients who failed to detoxify by the other methods.

Design: Prospective study.

Setting: Department of Psychiatry of a general hospital.

A gene for autosomal recessive spondylocostal dysostosis maps to 19q13.1-q13.3.

In spondylocostal dysostosis (SD), vertebral-segmentation defects are associated with rib anomalies. This results in short-trunk short stature, nonprogressive kyphoscoliosis, and radiological features of multiple hemivertebrae and rib fusions. SD can be familial, and both autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive (AR) inheritance have been reported, but no genes have been identified or localized for nonsyndromic SD in humans.