[Preventive myocardial revascularization prior to abdominal aortic repair in patients without cardiac symptoms: long-term results].

Objective: To evaluate the long-term influence of preoperative invasive coronary screening and preventive myocardial revascularization on mortality and cardiac complications after open surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA).

Material And Methods: We present long-term outcomes after open surgery for AAA between 2011 and 2022. Patients without clinical or objective signs of coronary artery disease were included.

[Sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma with eosinophilia of thyroid gland].

Sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma with stromal eosinophilia of thyroid gland is represented less than 100 cases in the world literature. We present a rare case of sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinona with stromal eosinophilia in a 69-year-old woman who has been observed for multinodular goiter for more than 3 years. Cytological examination revealed a picture most of all corresponding to a malignant neoplasm (Bethesda V).

[Algorithm for morphological diagnosis of neoplasms in the chiasmal-sellar region].

In the Turkish saddle area, there is a wide variety of pathological processes, the vast majority of which present as tumors of various origins (up to 90%). For a clear morphological verification of the diagnosis, it is proposed to use a diagnostic algorithm that includes the stages of differential diagnosis of normal adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis with tumors in the anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary gland, non-pituitary origin neoplasms, as well as with non-tumor pathological processes (inflammation, cystic masses, and hyperplasia). For morphological diagnosis, histochemical and immunohistochemical methods are recommended using various staining techniques (silver impregnation, periodic acid Schiff reaction) of tissue specimens and antibody panels (pituitary hormones, low-molecular cytokeratins, pituitary transcription factors, neuroendocrine markers, etc.

[Nodular toxic goiter in children: clinical features, morphological variants].

Background: Toxic nodular goiter (TNG) is a rare disease in which the cause of hyperthyroidism is the presence of a node or nodes that autonomously secrete thyroid hormones. With children and adolescents this condition is extremely rare - in 5-7.5% of all cases of nodular goiter.

DNA repair pathway activation features in follicular and papillary thyroid tumors, interrogated using 95 experimental RNA sequencing profiles.

DNA repair can prevent mutations and cancer development, but it can also restore damaged tumor cells after chemo and radiation therapy. We performed RNA sequencing on 95 human pathological thyroid biosamples including 17 follicular adenomas, 23 follicular cancers, 3 medullar cancers, 51 papillary cancers and 1 poorly differentiated cancer. The gene expression profiles are annotated here with the clinical and histological diagnoses and, for papillary cancers, with gene V600E mutation status.

[The possibility of using freely circulating DNA blood plasma in preoperative diagnosis of thyroid tumors].

Background: The feasibility of using molecular genetic markers for the diagnosis of thyroid tumors and the impact on the prognosis of thyroid cancer are being actively investigated. The most interesting are genes, the detection of which is associated not only with thyroid cancer, but also with a more aggressive course of the disease. The ability to diagnose the molecular profile of minimally invasive methods with the study of freely circulating DNA tumor tissue in blood plasma is a modern trend of medicine.

Somatic Mutations in the BRAF, KRAS, NRAS, EIF1AX, and TERT Genes: Diagnostic Value in Thyroid Neoplasms.

The feasibility of using molecular genetic markers associated with thyroid neoplasms and more aggressive course of the disease is now actively studied. We analyzed the diagnostic value of somatic mutations in the hot spots of BRAF, KRAS, KRAS, EIF1AX, and TERT genes in histological material from 153 patients with thyroid gland neoplasms. BRAF mutations (exon 15, codon area 600-601) were found in 54 patients, NRAS mutations (exon 3, codon 61) were detected in 12 patients; mutations KRAS, TERT, and EIF1AX genes were not detected.

[Alflutop - in modern symptom - modifying osteoarthritis therapy].

One of the serious problems during the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) is the developing of adverse drug events during therapy. Nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the first drugs with the high incidence and severity of adverse events. This article describes OA treatment strategies approaches for OA are presented using the complex drug Alflutop, which has a composition similar to the human hyaline cartilage.

[Limitation of possibilities of cytological diagnosis of papillary thyroid cancer at the pre-surgery stage].

Aim Of Study: A comparison of papillary cancer variants diagnosed on the basis of cytological findings of pre-surgery puncture biopsies with a histological variant of papillary cancer.

Materials And Methods: The findings of two experts specializing in cytological diagnostics of thyroid nodules that diagnosed a possible variant of papillary cancer were compared with histological findings based on the study of material from surgically removed neoplasms.

Results: It was shown that the cytological examination at the pre-surgery stage has significant limitations in diagnosing the histological variant of the tumor, despite high sensitivity of method in diagnosing papillary cancer in general.

[Thyroid follicular cell tumors: cytohistological comparisons in the context of the new international classification].

Objective: To carry out a correlation retrospective analysis of the histological and cytological findings of follicular cell neoplasms over a two-year period after the publication of the new WHO classification of thyroid tumors (2017), which identifies a category of follicular tumors of uncertain malignant potential (T-UMP).

Material And Methods: The investigators of the Clinic, National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology, Ministry of Health of Russia, made a cytohistological comparison of morphological findings, by using the material of surgically removed follicular cell neoplasms.

Results: The investigation showed the lack of unreasonably common usage of the histological classification category of T-UMP (3.

[Molecular genetic markers and criteria for the prediction of adrenocortical carcinoma].

Studies of the last decade have demonstrated that the morphological and immunophenotypic patterns of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) have a high heterogeneity in both the occurrence of various tumors and the development of a solitary tumor. Carcinogenesis of ACC, like most neoplastic processes, is associated with mutations in at least 15 driver genes, with a wide range of chromosomal aberrations, epigenomic changes, and alterations of the microRNA profile. According to the literature, isolated genetic damage is also insufficient for the manifestation of the malignant phenotype of adrenocortical cells.

Multi-dimensional immunoproteomics coupled with in vitro recapitulation of oncogenic NRAS identifies diagnostically relevant autoantibody biomarkers in thyroid neoplasia.

Tumor-associated antigen (TAA)-specific autoantibodies have been widely implicated in cancer diagnosis. However, cancer cell lines that are typically exploited as candidate TAA sources in immunoproteomic studies may fail to accurately represent the autoantigen-ome of lower-grade neoplasms. Here, we established an integrated strategy for the identification of disease-relevant TAAs in thyroid neoplasia, which combined NRAS oncogene expression in non-tumorous thyroid Nthy-ori 3-1 cells with a multi-dimensional proteomic technique DISER that consisted of profiling NRAS-induced proteins using 2-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) coupled with serological proteome analysis (SERPA) of the TAA repertoire of patients with thyroid encapsulated follicular-patterned/RAS-like phenotype (EFP/RLP) tumors.

[Current criteria for the diagnosis of adrenocortical carcinoma].

Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare malignant tumor of the adrenal cortex with an unfavorable prognosis. In 2017, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) published the 4th edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of Endocrine Organs. The updated classification reflects a multidisciplinary experience in diagnosing and predicting the course of adrenal cortex tumors, obtained on the basis of current studies.

[Histopatological and molecular genetic characteristics of clinically aggressive variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma].

Papillary carcinoma is the most commonly diagnosed form of well-differentiated thyroid cancer that is generally characterized by a favorable prognosis. However, a number of relatively rare variants of this tumor, such as papillary carcinoma of high cells, papillary carcinoma of columnar cells, a diffuse sclerosing variant and recently described cancer of shoe nail cell type, are characterized by a less favorable clinical course, a high frequency of distant metastasis, and relatively low overall and relapse-free survival rates. In this connection, it is important to recognize these options at the stage of a primary morphological study.

Antitumor Activity of Auger Electron Emitter In Delivered by Modular Nanotransporter for Treatment of Bladder Cancer With EGFR Overexpression.

Gamma-ray emitting In, which is extensively used for imaging, is also a source of short-range Auger electrons (AE). While exhibiting negligible effect outside cells, these AE become highly toxic near DNA within the cell nucleus. Therefore, these radionuclides can be used as a therapeutic anticancer agent if delivered precisely into the nuclei of tumor target cells.

[Pituitary lactotroph adenomas resistant to dopamine agonist treatment: histological and immunohistochemical characteristics].

Objective: To present the histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of pituitary lactotroph adenomas (PLAs) resistant to dopamine agonist treatment.

Subject And Methods: The investigators examined paraffin-embedded blocks and histological sections obtained from 19 patients (13 women, 6 men), whose median age was 29 (19, 38) years, after surgical treatment (adenomectomy) for PLAs resistant to dopamine agonist treatment. Immunohistological examination was performed using antibodies against prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), type 2 dopamine receptors (DR), estrogen receptors-α (ERα), the proliferation marker Ki-67, and the endothelial cell marker CD34.

[Clinical, morphological, and prognostic features of papillary thyroid carcinoma with different BRAF mutational status assessed by immunohistochemistry].

Unlabelled: The somatic mutation in BRAF (BRAF), the data on the prognostic role of which are contradictory, is one of the most common molecular genetic abnormalities in the cells of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).

Objective: To investigate the association of the immunoexpression of mutant BRAF in PTC with different morphological characteristics and long-term treatment results in patients.

Material And Methods: Information on inpatients with PTC was obtained from the database of the Pathology Department, A.

[The new international histological classification of thyroid tumors].

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) published the new 4 Edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of Endocrine Organs in 2017. As the previous 2004 edition, the new classification gives considerable attention to thyroid neoplasms. The nomenclature of thyroid tumors undergone changes based on the clinical, morphological and molecular genetic findings obtained for the expired period, on respective new views of their malignant potential, and on the prognosis of a number of neoplasms that should be taken into consideration by pathologists in their daily diagnostic practice.

[Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations in the tumors of human endocrine organs: Biological and prognostic value].

The analysis of the data available in the literature has shown that telomerase reverse transcriptase TERT promoter may serve as promising markers of malignancy, aggressive disease course, and poor prognosis for malignant tumors of endocrine organs. Considering the established association of mutations with tumors having a poor prognosis (high-grade and anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid), it is reasonable to perform prognostic-value investigations in a group of low-grade thyroid carcinomas that may occasionally recur and may be resistant to radioactive iodine therapy, i.e.

Cells of Benign and Borderline Thyroid Tumor Express Malignancy Markers.

We studied expression of malignancy markers galectin-3, cytokeratin-19, HBME-1, fibronectin, and cyclin D1 in cells of benign (n=51), malignant (n=87), and borderline (n=53) tumors. The results indicate that 3.9% benign and 41.

Serum Immunoproteomics Combined With Pathological Reassessment of Surgical Specimens Identifies TCP-1ζ Autoantibody as a Potential Biomarker in Thyroid Neoplasia.

Context: Current methods of preoperative diagnostics frequently fail to discriminate between benign and malignant thyroid neoplasms. In encapsulated follicular-patterned tumors (EnFPT), this discrimination is challenging even using histopathological analysis. Autoantibody response against tumor-associated antigens is a well-documented phenomenon with prominent diagnostic potential; however, autoantigenicity of thyroid tumors remains poorly explored.

[Morphological characteristics of recurrent papillary thyroid carcinoma].

Unlabelled: Papillary thyroid carcinoma is generally characterized by a favorable prognosis in patients after timely and adequate treatment. However, local tumor growth recurrences and regional and distant metastases may occur in 5-20% of cases posttreatment.

Objective: To comparatively analyze the morphology and cellular composition of papillary thyroid carcinoma in two patient groups with comparable clinical and morphological characteristics, but different in the long-term results of treatment.

[Pathomorphism of rectal cancer during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy].

The pathomorphism of rectal cancer (RC) was studied in 99 patients who received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy using two drugs (5-fluorouracil and xeloda). A morphological study indicated the qualitatively similar manifestations of pathomorphism (tumor necrosis, inflammation, and sclerosis) which were more pronounced in the use of xeloda. Three degrees of the pathomorphism of RC have been identified: the tumor was unchanged, changed, and undetectable.