Artifact identification and removal methodologies for intracranial pressure signals: a systematic scoping review.

. Intracranial pressure measurement (ICP) is an essential component of deriving of multivariate data metrics foundational to improving understanding of high temporal relationships in cerebral physiology. A significant barrier to this work is artifact ridden data.

Achromatic metalenses for full visible spectrum with extended group delay control via dispersion-matched layers.

Achieving achromaticity across the visible light spectrum is crucial for metalenses in imaging systems. Single-layer metalenses struggle with weak focusing power or small aperture sizes due to inadequate group delay control. Multilayer metalenses offer some improvement but come with increased design and fabrication complexity.

Association Between Clinical Measures of Depth of Sedation and Multimodal Cerebral Physiology in Acute Traumatic Neural Injury.

Neurointensive care primarily focuses on secondary injury reduction, utilizing a variety of guideline-based approaches (including administration of high-dose sedation) to reduce the injured state. However, titration of sedation is currently based on the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS), a subjective clinical grading score of a patient's response to external physical stimuli, and not an objective measure. Therefore, it is likely that there exists substantial variation in objective sedation depth for a given clinical grade in these patients, leading to undesired sedation depths and cerebral physiological consequences.

Artifact Management for Cerebral Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Signals: A Systematic Scoping Review.

Artifacts induced during patient monitoring are a main limitation for near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as a non-invasive method of cerebral hemodynamic monitoring. There currently does not exist a robust "gold-standard" method for artifact management for these signals. The objective of this review is to comprehensively examine the literature on existing artifact management methods for cerebral NIRS signals recorded in animals and humans.

The association of acute and chronic phase cerebrovascular reactivity with patient reported quality of life following moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury.

Global outcomes have been reported to be associated with cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) in the acute phase following moderate and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). The association of CVR in the acute and chronic phase of injury with patient-reported health-related quality of life metrics (HRQOL) metrics has never been explored. The aim of this study is to examine the association of CVR, as measured by the cerebral oxygen indices (COx and COx_a), in the acute and chronic phase following moderate and severe TBI, with patient reported HRQOL.

Associations Between Intracranial Pressure Extremes and Continuous Metrics of Cerebrovascular Pressure Reactivity in Acute Traumatic Neural Injury: A Scoping Review.

Cerebrovascular pressure reactivity plays a key role in maintaining constant cerebral blood flow. Unfortunately, this mechanism is often impaired in acute traumatic neural injury states, exposing the already injured brain to further pressure-passive insults. While there has been much work on the association between impaired cerebrovascular reactivity following moderate/severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and worse long-term outcomes, there is yet to be a comprehensive review on the association between cerebrovascular pressure reactivity and intracranial pressure (ICP) extremes.

Multivariate modeling and prediction of cerebral physiology in acute traumatic neural injury: A scoping review.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) poses a significant global public health challenge necessitating a profound understanding of cerebral physiology. The dynamic nature of TBI demands sophisticated methodologies for modeling and predicting cerebral signals to unravel intricate pathophysiology and predict secondary injury mechanisms prior to their occurrence. In this comprehensive scoping review, we focus specifically on multivariate cerebral physiologic signal analysis in the context of multi-modal monitoring (MMM) in TBI, exploring a range of techniques including multivariate statistical time-series models and machine learning algorithms.

Continuous monitoring methods of cerebral compliance and compensatory reserve: a scoping review of human literature.

Continuous monitoring of cerebrospinal compliance (CC)cerebrospinal compensatory reserve (CCR) is crucial for timely interventions and preventing more substantial deterioration in the context of acute neural injury, as it enables the early detection of abnormalities in intracranial pressure (ICP). However, to date, the literature on continuous CC/CCR monitoring is scattered and occasionally challenging to consolidate.We subsequently conducted a systematic scoping review of the human literature to highlight the available continuous CC/CCR monitoring methods.

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Regional Oxygen Saturation Based Cerebrovascular Reactivity Assessments in Chronic Traumatic Neural Injury versus in Health: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO)-based cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) monitoring has enabled entirely non-invasive, continuous monitoring during both acute and long-term phases of care. To date, long-term post-injury CVR has not been properly characterized after acute traumatic neural injury, also known as traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study aims to compare CVR in those recovering from moderate-to-severe TBI with a healthy control group.

Time-Series Modeling and Forecasting of Cerebral Pressure-Flow Physiology: A Scoping Systematic Review of the Human and Animal Literature.

The modeling and forecasting of cerebral pressure-flow dynamics in the time-frequency domain have promising implications for veterinary and human life sciences research, enhancing clinical care by predicting cerebral blood flow (CBF)/perfusion, nutrient delivery, and intracranial pressure (ICP)/compliance behavior in advance. Despite its potential, the literature lacks coherence regarding the optimal model type, structure, data streams, and performance. This systematic scoping review comprehensively examines the current landscape of cerebral physiological time-series modeling and forecasting.

Non-Invasive Estimation of Intracranial Pressure-Derived Cerebrovascular Reactivity Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Sensor Technology in Acute Neural Injury: A Time-Series Analysis.

The contemporary monitoring of cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) relies on invasive intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring which limits its application. Interest is shifting towards near-infrared spectroscopic regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO)-based indices of CVR which are less invasive and have improved spatial resolution. This study aims to examine and model the relationship between ICP and rSO-based indices of CVR.

Evaluation of Morlet Wavelet Analysis for Artifact Detection in Low-Frequency Commercial Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Systems.

Regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO), a method of cerebral tissue oxygenation measurement, is recorded using non-invasive near-infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) devices. A major limitation is that recorded signals often contain artifacts. Manually removing these artifacts is both resource and time consuming.

Time spent above optimal cerebral perfusion pressure is not associated with failure to improve in outcome in traumatic brain injury.

Background: Optimal cerebral perfusion pressure (CPPopt) has emerged as a promising personalized medicine approach to the management of moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Though literature demonstrating its association with poor outcomes exists, there is yet to be work done on its association with outcome transition due to a lack of serial outcome data analysis. In this study we investigate the association between various metrics of CPPopt and failure to improve in outcome over time.

Plasmonic photonic biosensor: in situ detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 particles.

We conceptualized and numerically investigated a photonic crystal fiber (PCF)-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor for rapid detection and quantification of novel coronavirus. The plasmonic gold-based optical sensor permits three different ways to quantify the virus concentrations inside patient's body based on different ligand-analyte conjugate pairs. This photonic biosensor demonstrates viable detections of SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding-domain (RBD), mutated viral single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) and human monoclonal antibody immunoglobulin G (IgG).