Posttraumatic stress disorder and its cross-generational familial relationship with drug use disorder and alcohol use disorder: an extended Swedish adoption study.

Information on how parental risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) relates to their children's risk for drug use disorder (DUD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) is limited. This study is the first to utilize an extended adoption design which can address questions about the degree of, and sources of, cross-generational and cross-disorder transmission of PTSD and substance use disorders. We examined diagnoses using Swedish National registries for parents and their adult offspring ( = 2,194,171, born 1960-1992) from six types of families (intact (1), not lived with biological father (2) or mother (3), step father (4), step mother (5), and adoptive (6)).

The Prediction of Diagnostic Change From Bipolar Disorder to Schizophrenia and Schizophrenia to Bipolar Disorder in a Population-Based, Longitudinal, National Swedish Sample.

Background And Hypothesis: To clarify, in a large, representative, longitudinal sample, the rate and predictors of diagnostic conversion from Bipolar Disorder (BD) to Schizophrenia (SZ) and from SZ→BD.

Design: From individuals born in Sweden 1950-1995 and living there in 1970 or later, we identified at least one initial diagnoses of SZ (n = 8449) and BD (n = 8438) followed for a minimum of 10 and a mean of 24 years. Diagnostic conversion required, respectively, at least two final diagnoses of BD and SZ 30 days apart with no intervening diagnosis of SZ or BD.

Extended Swedish Adoption Study of Adverse Stress Responses and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Importance: Twin studies have found that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors within a generation. No study has used an adoption design, which can address questions about the degree and sources of cross-generational transmission of adverse stress responses (ASRs) and PTSD.

Objectives: To examine whether ASRs or PTSD are transmitted from parents to offspring, and to clarify the relative importance of genes and rearing.

Pattern of Risks for Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders in the Offspring of Parents With Alcohol Use Disorder.

Objective: The authors sought to clarify the components of the familial liability to alcohol use disorder (AUD) by examining parent-offspring transmission in a large Swedish population sample.

Methods: To this end, 1,244,516 offspring in intact families with a mean age at follow-up of 37.7 years (SD=6.

The Nature of the Familial Risk for Psychosis in Bipolar Disorder.

Background And Hypothesis: To clarify whether the familial liability to psychosis associated with bipolar disorder (BD) is nonspecific or has a greater effect on risk for psychosis in cases with prominent mood symptoms and/or a remitting course.

Study Design: We examined, in 984 809 offspring raised in intact families in Sweden, born 1980-1996 and followed-up through 2018, by multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression, risk in offspring of parents with BD for 7 psychotic disorders: Psychotic MD (PMD), psychotic BD (PBD), schizoaffective disorder (SAD), acute psychoses, psychosis NOS, delusional disorder (DD) and schizophrenia (SZ). Diagnoses were obtained from national registers.

Tumour Growth Models of Breast Cancer for Evaluating Early Detection-A Summary and a Simulation Study.

With the advent of nationwide mammography screening programmes, a number of natural history models of breast cancers have been developed and used to assess the effects of screening. The first half of this article provides an overview of a class of these models and describes how they can be used to study latent processes of tumour progression from observational data. The second half of the article describes a simulation study which applies a continuous growth model to illustrate how effects of extending the maximum age of the current Swedish screening programme from 74 to 80 can be evaluated.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Its Cross-Generational Familial Association With Anxiety Disorders in a National Swedish Extended Adoption Study.

Importance: We know little about the transmission of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) across generations.

Objective: To evaluate the sources of parent-offspring transmission of OCD and familial cross-generational association with more typical anxiety disorders.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This Swedish population register-based study analyzed data for offspring born in Sweden from 1960 to 1995 from the following 4 family types: intact, not-lived-with biological father, lived-with stepfather, and adoptive.

An Extended Swedish Adoption Study of Anxiety Disorder and Its Cross-Generational Familial Relationship With Major Depression.

Objective: To clarify, using an extended adoption design, the sources of parent-offspring transmission for anxiety disorder (AD) and its major subforms and their familial cross-generational relationship with major depression (MD).

Methods: Offspring (born 1960-1992) and their parents, from six family types (intact, not-lived-with biological father or mother, lived-with step-father or step-mother, and adoptive), were ascertained from Swedish national samples. Diagnoses were obtained from national medical registers.

Cross-generational transmission of genetic risk for alcohol and drug use disorders: the impact of substance availability on the specificity of genetic risk.

Background: Among individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and drug use disorder (DUD), is their genetic liability and its specificity moderated by substance availability?

Methods: Offspring (born 1960-1995) and their biological parents from three family types [not-lived-with (NLW) biological father, mother and adoptive] and their AUD and DUD diagnoses were ascertained from Swedish national registers. Parent-offspring resemblance was calculated by tetrachoric correlation.

Results: In Swedes born from 1960 to 1995, prevalence rates of AUD were stable while DUD rates increased substantially.

An Instrument for Measuring Social Participation to Examine Older Adults' Use of the Internet as a Social Platform: Development and Validation Study.

Background: Older people's use of the internet is increasingly coming into focus with the demographic changes of a growing older population. Research reports several benefits of older people's internet use and highlights problems such as various forms of inequality in use within the group. There is a need for consistent measurements to follow the development and use of the internet in this group and to be able to compare groups both within and between countries, as well as follow the changes over time.

Older People's Use and Nonuse of the Internet in Sweden.

The use of the internet has considerably increased over recent years, and the importance of internet use has also grown as services have gone online. Sweden is largely an information society like other countries with high reported use amongst European countries. In line with digitalization development, society is also changing, and many activities and services today take place on the internet.

Continuous tumour growth models, lead time estimation and length bias in breast cancer screening studies.

Comparisons of survival times between screen-detected and symptomatically detected breast cancer cases are subject to lead time and length biases. Whilst the existence of these biases is well known, correction procedures for these are not always clear, as are not the interpretation of these biases. In this paper we derive, based on a recently developed continuous tumour growth model, conditional lead time distributions, using information on each individual's tumour size, screening history and percent mammographic density.

Joint models of tumour size and lymph node spread for incident breast cancer cases in the presence of screening.

Continuous growth models show great potential for analysing cancer screening data. We recently described such a model for studying breast cancer tumour growth based on modelling tumour size at diagnosis, as a function of screening history, detection mode, and relevant patient characteristics. In this article, we describe how the approach can be extended to jointly model tumour size and number of lymph node metastases at diagnosis.

E-Science technologies in a workflow for personalized medicine using cancer screening as a case study.

Objective: We provide an e-Science perspective on the workflow from risk factor discovery and classification of disease to evaluation of personalized intervention programs. As case studies, we use personalized prostate and breast cancer screenings.

Materials And Methods: We describe an e-Science initiative in Sweden, e-Science for Cancer Prevention and Control (eCPC), which supports biomarker discovery and offers decision support for personalized intervention strategies.

Breast cancer tumour growth modelling for studying the association of body size with tumour growth rate and symptomatic detection using case-control data.

Introduction: A large body size is associated with larger breast cancer tumours at diagnosis. Standard regression models for tumour size at diagnosis are not sufficient for unravelling the mechanisms behind the association.

Methods: Using Swedish case-control data, we identified 1352 postmenopausal women with incident invasive breast cancer diagnosed between 1993 and 1995.

A statistical model of breast cancer tumour growth with estimation of screening sensitivity as a function of mammographic density.

Understanding screening sensitivity and tumour progression is important for designing and evaluating screening programmes for breast cancer. Several approaches for estimating tumour growth rates have been described, some of which simultaneously estimate (mammography) screening sensitivity. None of the continuous tumour growth modelling approaches has incorporated mammographic density, although it is known to have a profound influence on mammographic screening sensitivity.

Assessment of the development and implementation of tools in contract cleaning.

This paper illustrates and discusses problems with the implementation and use of ergonomic tools and techniques in the process of cleaning. Cleaning is an occupation with a high risk of developing work-related disorders. One high-strain task where recommended tools and techniques are difficult to apply is cleaning staircases.

An enzymatic method to determine γ-hydroxybutyric acid in serum and urine.

Background: Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) has become one of the most dangerous illicit drugs of abuse today. It is used as a recreational and date rape drug because of its depressant effect on the central nervous system, which may cause euphoria, amnesia, respiratory arrest, and coma. There is an urgent need for a simple, easy-to-use assay for GHB determination in urine and blood.

Understanding social collaboration between actors and technology in an automated and digitised deep mining environment.

The purpose of this article is to develop knowledge and learning on the best way to automate organisational activities in deep mines that could lead to the creation of harmony between the human, technical and the social system, towards increased productivity. The findings showed that though the introduction of high-level technological tools in the work environment disrupted the social relations developed over time amongst the employees in most situations, the technological tools themselves became substitute social collaborative partners to the employees. It is concluded that, in developing a digitised mining production system, knowledge of the social collaboration between the humans (miners) and the technology they use for their work must be developed.

The good work--a Swedish trade union vision in the shadow of lean production.

"The Good Work" (Det goda arbetet) was established as a highly praised and established concept in the Swedish working life debate in the middle of the 1980s. In this paper, we are going to discuss the concept in relation to the massive introduction of lean production in Swedish industry. The aim of this paper is to restore the theory of the good work into the industrial society of today.