Social emergencies in the elderly.

An examination of the social concerns of the elderly reinforces the importance of a thorough social assessment and the availability of skilled staff in an Emergency Department to make appropriate community referrals. The resolution of disposition problems brought about through caregiver exhaustion, patients no longer able to care for themselves in the community, and abandonment by individuals and institutions require a complex array of skills. The serious problem of drug and alcohol abuse among the elderly must be recognized by Emergency Department staff.

Effects of respiratory activity on starvation survival of marine vibrios.

The marine bacterium Vibrio fluvialis NCTC11328 responded to nutrient depletion by a reduction in cell volume, and this was prevented by conditions that eliminated respiration as a source of energy. Addition of the protonophore, CCCP, removal of oxygen and introduction of mutations leading to defects of the respiratory chain prevented size reduction during periods of nutrient limitation. Further, survival of the wild-type strain during starvation was reduced under anaerobic conditions and survival of respiratory mutants under aerobic conditions was reduced compared with that of the parent strain.

The distribution of MAG in association with the axonal lesions of canine progressive axonopathy.

The distribution of myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) was examined by immunocytochemistry in the spinal cord, accessory cuneate nucleus and lumbar ventral nerve roots of dogs affected by progressive axonopathy. These areas were chosen because of the frequency of spheroids and the associated changes in the myelin sheath, including vacuolation, demyelination, remyelination and accumulation of a granular, amorphous material within the sheath. Normal animals demonstrated the expected distribution of MAG; periaxonal and associated with uncompacted membrane such as Schmidt-Lanterman incisures.

Trifenagrel: a chemically novel platelet aggregation inhibitor.

Trifenagrel.HCl (trifenagrel) (2-[2-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy) phenyl]-4,5-diphenylimidazole monohydrochloride) is a chemically novel, potent inhibitor (IC50 = 0.3-3.

Progressive axonopathy: an inherited neuropathy of boxer dogs. 4. Myelin sheath and Schwann cell changes in the nerve roots.

Changes in the myelin sheath have been studied in the nerve roots of dogs with Progressive axonopathy, an autosomal recessive inherited neuropathy. The earliest changes were attenuation of the sheath at the proximal paranode and adjacent internode, probably in response to the axonal swelling which occurs in this area. Myelin bubbles were frequently observed along internodes.

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate induces aggregation and release of 5-hydroxytryptamine from saponin-permeabilized human platelets.

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate induces aggregation and the release of [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine from human platelets rendered permeable with saponin. This action of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is associated with a significant formation of thromboxane B2, activation of phospholipase C, and phosphorylation of 20,000- and 40,000-dalton proteins, which are the substrates for myosin light chain kinase and protein kinase C, respectively. All of these responses are blocked by the cyclooxygenase inhibitors indomethacin and aspirin and the dual cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitor 3-amino-1-[m-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-pyrazoline (BW 755C).

Progressive axonopathy: an inherited neuropathy of boxer dogs. 3. The peripheral axon lesion with special reference to the nerve roots.

Progressive axonopathy is an autosomal recessive inherited neuropathy of Boxer dogs with lesions in the CNS and PNS. This paper describes the axonal changes in the lumbar and cervical nerve roots and tibial nerve. By 2 months of age the proximal paranodal areas of many larger diameter fibres show small axonal swellings, sometimes with attenuation or loss of the associated myelin sheath.

Progressive axonopathy: an inherited neuropathy of boxer dogs. 2. The nature and distribution of the pathological changes.

This report describes the neuropathology of progressive axonopathy (PA), an autosomal recessive inherited neuropathy of Boxer dogs, which affects CNS and PNS. The nerve roots contain numerous myelin bubbles and proximal paranodal axonal swellings containing vesicles, vesiculo-tubular profiles and disorganized neurofilaments. The myelin sheath overlying such swellings is often attenuated.

Ultrastructural localization of substance P immunoreactivity in the ventral horn of the rat spinal cord.

At the light microscope level, the minute concentrations of substance P (SP) in rat spinal ventral horn can be visualized best by amplification with the double bridge PAP method of Vacca et al. (1975; 1980) in 5 microns paraffin tissue sections. Morphologically, the immunoreactive sites resemble punctate bodies.

Presence of leucine-enkephalin in organotypic explants of fetal mouse spinal cord.

Spinal cord explants with attached dorsal root ganglia (DRGs), from 14-day fetal mice were fixed at 1-3 weeks in vitro and incubated for leucine-enkephalin (LE) immunoreactivity by the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) immunohistochemical method. Results show long processes with labeled varicosities seen more often in dorsal regions of the cord explants. Stained punctate bodies and varicosities were often seen close to large cells in these cultures, whereas no label was detected in neuronal perikarya.

Substance P and leucine-enkephalin changes after chordotomy and morphine treatment.

Spinal cords of rats, cats and monkeys were transected; the animals were perfused at varying times. Other rats were injected with morphine and perfused 10 days later. Immunocytochemistry shows substance P (SP) present in control animals primarily in the substantia gelatinosa (SG) of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.

A modified peroxidase--antiperoxidase procedure for improved localization of tissue antigens: localization of substance P in rat spinal cord.

A procedure is presented which modifies the Sternberger peroxidase--antiperoxidase (PAP) technique in order to visualize additional amounts of immunodeposits representing the antigen substance (SP) in 5-micrometer paraffin tissue sections of rat spinal cord. For increased sensitivity, the new procedure utilizes a "double bridge" and diaminobenzidine in low pH buffer. The modifications have made possible the visualization of immunoreactive beaded processes and punctate bodies, which were then traced to determine patterns of SP circuitry.

Anti-donor immune responses in prediction of transplant rejection.

We assessed various immune responses against donor tissue to determine their value in the diagnosis and prediction of clinical rejection episodes. Twenty-six consecutive clinical renal-transplant recipients were examined. Cell-mediated lymphocytotoxicity preceded and accompanied 41 of 45 rejection episodes (P less than 0.

Transplant monitoring: patterns of the immune response.

Immune responses, specific to the stored donor tissue, were measured in 26 recipients over 4,000 days. CML positive crossmatches were associated with accelerated rejections (three cases). LDA positive crossmatches resulted in primary non-functioning kidneys (three cases).

Lymphocyte-dependent antibody and renal graft rejection.

A patient with preformed cytotoxic lymphocyte-dependent antibody (L.D.A.

Inhibition of the immune response by 7S antibody mechanism and site of action.

A cell culture system was used to investigate the mechanism of action of the feedback inhibition caused by specific 7S antibody. It was found that preincubation of spleen cells with specific 7S antibody led to a marked reduction in the in vitro response of the treated spleen cells to the antigen used to prepare the antibody. The inhibition was not caused by a carry-over of free antibody nor by the release of 7S antibody from the cells.

Secretion and endocytosis in insulin-stimulated rat adrenal medulla cells.

Insulin was used to deplete the adrenalin stores of rat adrenal medulla cells. Release of secretion was observed to occur by exocytosis. In addition, during the stages of massive release of secretory granules, the insulin-treated preparations showed greatly enhanced endocytic uptake of horseradish peroxidase.