[Diabetes mellitus and road traffic-a position paper of the Austrian Diabetes Association (update 2023)].

Public safety (prevention of accidents) is the primary objective in assessing fitness to drive a motor vehicle. However, general access to mobility should not be restricted if there is no particular risk to public safety. For people with diabetes mellitus, the Führerscheingesetz (Driving Licence Legislation) and the Führerscheingesetz-Gesundheitsverordnung (Driving Licence Legislation Health enactment) regulate important aspects of driving safety in connection with acute and chronic complications of the disease.

[Sex and gender-specific aspects in prediabetes and diabetes mellitus-clinical recommendations (Update 2023)].

Metabolic diseases dramatically affect the life of men and women from infancy up to old age in different and manifold ways and are a major challenge for the healthcare system. The treating physicians are confronted with the different needs of women and men in the clinical routine. Gender-specific differences affect pathophysiology, screening, diagnostic and treatment strategies of diseases as well as the development of complications and mortality rates.

[Hyperglycemia in critically ill].

In critical illness hyperglycemia is associated with increased mortality. Based on the currently available evidence, an intravenous insulin therapy should be initiated when blood glucose is above 180 mg/dl. After initiation of insulin therapy blood glucose should be maintained between 140 and 180 mg/dl.

[Position statement: surgery and diabetes mellitus (Update 2023)].

This position statement reflects the perspective of the Austrian Diabetes Association concerning the perioperative management of people with diabetes mellitus based on the available scientific evidence. The paper covers necessary preoperative examinations from an internal/diabetological point of view as well as the perioperative metabolic control by means of oral antihyperglycemic and/or insulin therapy.

[Mental disorders and diabetes mellitus (Update 2023)].

Psychiatric disorders and psychological problems are common in patients with diabetes mellitus. There is a twofold increase in depression which is associated with suboptimal glycemic control and increased morbidity and mortality. Other psychiatric disorders with a higher incidence of diabetes are cognitive impairment, dementia, disturbed eating behavior, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar disorders and borderline personality disorder.

[Diabetic neuropathy and diabetic foot syndrome (update 2023)].

These are the guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of diabetic neuropathy and diabetic foot.The position statement summarizes characteristic clinical symptoms and techniques for diagnostic assessment of diabetic neuropathy, including the complex situation of the diabetic foot syndrome. Recommendations for the therapeutic management of diabetic neuropathy, especially for the control of pain in sensorimotor neuropathy, are provided.

[Antihyperglycemic treatment guidelines for diabetes mellitus type 2 (Update 2023)].

Hyperglycemia significantly contributes to complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. While lifestyle interventions remain cornerstones of disease prevention and treatment, most patients with type 2 diabetes will eventually require pharmacotherapy for glycemic control. The definition of individual targets regarding optimal therapeutic efficacy and safety as well as cardiovascular effects is of great importance.

[Treatment of hyperglycemia in adult, critically ill patients (Update 2019)].

In critical illness hyperglycemia is associated with increased mortality. Based on the currently available evidence, an intravenous insulin therapy should be initiated when blood glucose is above 180 mg/dl. After initiation of insulin therapy blood glucose should be maintained between 140 and 180 mg/dl.

[Position statement: surgery and diabetes mellitus (Update 2019)].

This position statement reflects the opinion of the Austrian Diabetes Association concerning the perioperative management of patients with diabetes mellitus based on the available scientific evidence. The paper covers necessary preoperative examinations from an internal/diabetological point of view as well as the perioperative metabolic control by means of oral antidiabetics and/or insulin therapy.

[Mental disorders and diabetes mellitus (Update 2019)].

Psychiatric disorders and psychological problems are common in patients with diabetes mellitus. There is a twofold increase in depression which is associated with suboptimal glycemic control and increased morbidity and mortality. Other psychiatric disorders with a higher incidence of diabetes mellitus are cognitive impairment, dementia, disturbed eating behavior, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar disorders and borderline personality disorder.

[Other specific types of diabetes and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (Update 2019)].

The heterogenous catagory "specific types of diabetes due to other causes" encompasses disturbances in glucose metabolism due to other endocrine disorders such as acromegaly or hypercortisolism, drug-induced diabetes (e. g. antipsychotic medications, glucocorticoids, immunosuppressive agents, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)), genetic forms of diabetes (e.

[Sex and gender-specific aspects in prediabetes and diabetes mellitus-clinical recommendations (Update 2019)].

Metabolic diseases dramatically affect the life of men and women from infancy up to old age in different and manifold ways and are a major challenge for the healthcare system. The treating physicians are confronted with the different needs of women and men in the clinical routine. Gender-specific differences affect screening, diagnostic and treatment strategies as well as the development of complications and mortality rates.

[Antihyperglycemic treatment guidelines for diabetes mellitus type 2 (Update 2019)].

Hyperglycemia significantly contributes to complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. While lifestyle interventions remain cornerstones of disease prevention and treatment, most patients with type 2 diabetes will eventually require pharmacotherapy for glycemic control. The definition of individual targets regarding optimal therapeutic efficacy and safety as well as cardiovascular effects is of great importance.

[Insulin therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus (Update 2019)].

The present article is a recommendation of the Austrian Diabetes Association for the practical use of insulin in type 2 diabetes, including the various insulin regimens.

[Diabetic neuropathy and diabetic foot syndrome (Update 2019)].

These are the guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of diabetic neuropathy and diabetic foot. Diabetic neuropathy comprises a number of mono- and polyneuropathies, plexopathies, radiculopathies and autonomic neuropathy.The position statement summarizes characteristic clinical symptoms and techniques for diagnostic assessment of diabetic neuropathy, including the complex situation of the diabetic foot syndrome.

Austrian Experience with Lixisenatide Under Real-Life Conditions: A Prospective Observational Study.

Introduction: Lixisenatide has been studied extensively in randomized clinical trials; however, data on its use in the real-life practice are scarce.

Methods: This study was a prospective, 26-week, multicenter, observational study conducted in Austrian diabetes centers and office-based practices to evaluate efficacy and safety of lixisenatide under real-life conditions in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Results: Out of 144 patients (mean BMI 36.

Job-related meaningfulness moderates the association between over-commitment and emotional exhaustion in nurses.

Aim: To evaluate characteristics of job-related meaningfulness, and to assess its potential to moderate the relationship between over-commitment and emotional exhaustion in nurses.

Background: Increased demands on nurses may induce vulnerability to emotional exhaustion, decrease job satisfaction, and increase their intention to quit the job. The experience of job-related meaningfulness through meaning-centred logotherapy and counseling could be a resource to prevent emotional exhaustion.

Influence of gender, working field and psychosocial factors on the vulnerability for burnout in mental hospital staff: results of an Austrian cross-sectional study.

Introduction: According to the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA), hospitals represent a work environment with high job strain. Prolonged perceived occupational stress may result in symptoms of burnout, such as emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalisation (DP) and reduced personal accomplishment (PA). Understanding which factors may reduce vulnerability for burnout is an important requirement for well-targeted occupational stress prevention in mental hospital staff.

The role of psychosomatic medicine in intensive care units.

Critically ill patients, their relatives, and intensive care staff are consistently exposed to stress. The principal elements of this exceptional burden are confrontation with a life-threatening disease, specific environmental conditions at the intensive care unit, and the social characteristics of intensive care medicine. The short- and long-term consequences of these stressors include a feeling of helplessness, distress, anxiety, depression, and even posttraumatic stress disorders.

[Antihyperglycemic treatment guidelines for diabetes mellitus type 2].

Hyperglycemia significantly contributes to micro- and macrovascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. While lifestyle interventions remain cornerstones of disease prevention and treatment, most patients with type 2 diabetes will eventually require pharmacotherapy for glycemic control. The definition of individual targets regarding optimal therapeutic efficacy and safety is of great importance.

[Position statement: surgery and diabetes mellitus].

This position statement reflects the opinion of the Austrian Diabetes Association concerning the perioperative management of patients with diabetes mellitus based on the available scientific evidence. The paper covers necessary preoperative examinations from an internal/diabetological point of view as well as the perioperative metabolic control by means of oral antidiabetics and/or insulin therapy.

[Mental disorders and diabetes mellitus].

Psychiatric disorders and psychological problems are common in patients with diabetes mellitus. There is a twofold increase in depression which is associated with suboptimal glycemic control and increased morbidity and mortality. Other psychiatric disorders with a higher incidence of diabetes mellitus are cognitive impairment, dementia, disturbed eating behaviour, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar disorders and borderline personality disorder.

[Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and diabetes mellitus].

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) in diabetic patients is frequent. Studies based on fecal elastase-1 measurement give prevalence rates of 10‒30 % of severe and 22‒56 % of moderate EPI in type 1 and rates of 5‒46 % in type 2 diabetic patients. Nevertheless, not all patients report typical symptoms like diarrhea, steatorrhea and weight loss.

[Sex- and gender-aspects in regard to clinical practice recommendations for pre-diabetes and diabetes].

Metabolic diseases dramatically affect life of men and women from infancy up to old age and are a major challenge for clinicians. Health professionals are confronted with different needs of women and men. This article aims at an increase of gender awareness and the implementation of current knowledge of gender medicine in daily clinical practice with regard to pre-diabetes and diabetes.

[Treatment of hyperglycemia in adult, critically ill patients].

In critical illness hyperglycemia is associated with increased mortality. Based on the currently available evidence, an intravenous insulin therapy should be initiated when blood glucose is above 180 mg/dl. After initiation of insulin therapy blood glucose should be maintained between 140 and 180 mg/dl.