Circulating sex hormones in relation to anthropometric, sociodemographic and behavioural factors in an international dataset of 12,300 men.

Introduction: Sex hormones have been implicated in the etiology of a number of diseases. To better understand disease etiology and the mechanisms of disease-risk factor associations, this analysis aimed to investigate the associations of anthropometric, sociodemographic and behavioural factors with a range of circulating sex hormones and sex hormone-binding globulin.

Methods: Statistical analyses of individual participant data from 12,330 male controls aged 25-85 years from 25 studies involved in the Endogenous Hormones Nutritional Biomarkers and Prostate Cancer Collaborative Group.

The association of cigarette smoking with gastric cancer: the multiethnic cohort study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the association of cigarette smoking with gastric cancer.

Methods: Over 215,000 men and women, representing five ethnic groups (African Americans, Japanese Americans, Latino Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Whites), completed a mailed questionnaire, 1993-1996. After an average follow-up of 7.

Racial/ethnic differences in colorectal cancer risk: the multiethnic cohort study.

Incidence rates in the United States show clear racial/ethnic disparities for colorectal cancer. We examined the extent to which ethnic differences in risk factors could explain the age-adjusted variation in the risk of colorectal cancer, overall and by stage at diagnosis, among 165,711 African Americans, Japanese Americans, Latinos, Native Hawaiians and whites participating in the Multiethnic Cohort Study. Over a median follow-up period of 10.

Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of esophageal and gastric cancer: Cohort Consortium Vitamin D Pooling Project of Rarer Cancers.

Upper gastrointestinal (GI) cancers of the stomach and esophagus have high incidence and mortality worldwide, but they are uncommon in Western countries. Little information exists on the association between vitamin D and risk of upper GI cancers. This study examined the association between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and upper GI cancer risk in the Cohort Consortium Vitamin D Pooling Project of Rarer Cancers.

Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the risk of colorectal cancer: the multiethnic cohort study.

Vitamin D is obtained from the diet and synthesized in skin exposed to sunlight. Vitamin D status, assessed by circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], has been associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer in previous studies. To complement existing evidence, we conducted a case-control study nested within the Multiethnic Cohort including men and women of Japanese, Latino, African-American, White, and Native Hawaiian ancestry.

Urinary phytoestrogen excretion and postmenopausal breast cancer risk: the multiethnic cohort study.

The objective of this study was to examine the association of urinary phytoestrogens with the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. Participants in the Multiethnic Cohort Study included 36,458 postmenopausal women who provided blood or urine specimens. A nested case-control study of breast cancer with biospecimens was created in which cases diagnosed after specimen collection were matched to two controls.

Plasma levels of B vitamins and colorectal cancer risk: the multiethnic cohort study.

B vitamins, such as folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12, play an important role as coenzymes in one-carbon metabolism and may affect colorectal cancer risk. We aimed to comprehensively investigate the relationships of plasma folate, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP, the active form of vitamin B6), vitamin B12, methylmalonic acid, homocysteine, and cysteine with colorectal cancer risk, accounting for suspected modifiers (alcohol intake, MTHFR C677T genotype, and plasma C-reactive protein) and potential confounders. We conducted a case-control study nested within the Multiethnic Cohort study and analyzed prospectively collected blood samples from 224 incident colorectal cancer cases and 411 controls matched on age, sex, race/ethnicity, study site, date/time of blood draw, and hours of fasting.

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and risk of gastric adenocarcinoma: the multiethnic cohort study.

In many epidemiologic studies, investigators have reported an inverse relation between nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and colon cancer, but fewer researchers have examined the relation with gastric cancer. Cases for this study consisted of incident gastric adenocarcinomas (n = 643) identified between 1993 and 2004 among members of the Multiethnic Cohort (Hawaii and Los Angeles, California). Aspirin and nonaspirin NSAID use was assessed on the basis of a self-administered questionnaire.

Childhood soy intake and breast cancer risk in Asian American women.

Introduction: Historically, breast cancer incidence has been substantially higher in the United States than in Asia. When Asian women migrate to the United States, their breast cancer risk increases over several generations and approaches that for U.S.

Carotenoid intake and colorectal cancer risk: the multiethnic cohort study.

Background: A protective effect of fruits and vegetables against colorectal cancer has been supported by many epidemiologic studies. This suggests that the carotenoids frequently found in these foods play a role in the prevention of this common cancer. To examine associations between the intake of individual and total carotenoids and the risk of colorectal cancer, we analyzed prospective data from the Multiethnic Cohort Study.

Association of vegetable, fruit, and grain intakes with colorectal cancer: the Multiethnic Cohort Study.

Background: It is uncertain whether or not vegetables, fruit, or grains protect against colorectal cancer.

Objective: In a large prospective study, we investigated the association of vegetable, fruit, and grain intakes with colorectal cancer risk.

Design: Between 1993 and 1996, 85 903 men and 105 108 women completed a quantitative food-frequency questionnaire that included approximately 180 foods and beverages in the Multiethnic Cohort Study.

Association of Helicobacter pylori infection and diet on the risk of gastric cancer: a case-control study in Hawaii.

Objective: The risk factors most strongly associated with gastric cancer are the gastric bacteria Helicobacter pylori and diet. Utilizing data from a case-control study among residents in Hawaii, we examined the association of diet, presence of H. pylori, and non-cardia gastric cancer risk.

The effect of multiple mailings on recruitment: the Multiethnic Cohort.

Background: The current study considers potential nonresponse bias and data quality issues in the Multiethnic Cohort, a prospective study of lifestyle-cancer associations among adults ages 45 to 75 years from five ethnic groups in Hawaii and California.

Methods: We examined determinants of early versus later response to the baseline questionnaire using logistic regression with response wave regressed on measures of demographics, history of illness, health behaviors, medication, and supplement use.

Results: Participants who were more health conscious tended to respond earlier.

Risk factors for renal cell cancer: the multiethnic cohort.

The association of body size, lifestyle, and medical conditions with renal cell cancer risk was examined among 161,126 Hawaii-Los Angeles Multiethnic Cohort participants (1993-2002). After 8.3 years of follow-up, 347 renal cell cancer cases (220 men, 127 women) were identified.

Dietary fiber and colorectal cancer risk: the multiethnic cohort study.

Objective: To investigate the association of dietary fiber with colorectal cancer

Methods: A total of 85,903 men and 105,108 women completed a quantitative food frequency questionnaire in 1993-1996. A total of 1,138 men and 972 women were subsequently diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the large bowel. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate multivariate adjusted relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for colorectal cancer.

Serological assays for identification of human gastric colonization by Helicobacter pylori strains expressing VacA m1 or m2.

The Helicobacter pylori vacA gene encodes a secreted protein (VacA) that alters the function of gastric epithelial cells and T lymphocytes. H. pylori strains containing particular vacA alleles are associated with differential risk of disease.

Early-life family structure and microbially induced cancer risk.

Background: Cancer may follow exposure to an environmental agent after many decades. The bacterium Helicobacter pylori, known to be acquired early in life, increases risk for gastric adenocarcinoma, but other factors are also important. In this study, we considered whether early-life family structure affects the risk of later developing gastric cancer among H.

Calcium and vitamin D intake and risk of colorectal cancer: the Multiethnic Cohort Study.

The associations of intakes of calcium and vitamin D with colorectal cancer risk were examined in the Multiethnic Cohort Study (Hawaii and Los Angeles, California). In 1993-1996, 85,903 men and 105,108 women aged > or =45 years completed a quantitative food frequency questionnaire. A total of 2,110 incident cases of colorectal cancer (1,138 in men and 972 in women) were identified through December 31, 2001.

Racial/ethnic differences in endometrial cancer risk: the multiethnic cohort study.

Few studies have examined differences in endometrial cancer risk among ethnic groups in the United States. The authors assessed the extent to which known risk factors for endometrial cancer explain the racial/ethnic differences in risk among 46,933 postmenopausal African-American, Native-Hawaiian, Japanese-American, Latina, and White women recruited to the prospective Multiethnic Cohort Study in 1993-1996. During a 7.

Prostate cancer incidence and intake of fruits, vegetables and related micronutrients: the multiethnic cohort study* (United States).

Objective: To describe the relationship between the intake of fruits, vegetables, and related vitamins and antioxidants, and the risk of prostate cancer in male participants in a large multiethnic cohort study.

Methods: Food and nutrient intakes in 1993-1996 were calculated from a detailed food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) designed to account for the food and nutrient intake of the ethnic groups represented in the study (82,486 African-American, Japanese-American, Native-Hawaiian, Latino and White males included here). Follow-up for incident cancers utilized local SEER registries.

Trends of breast cancer incidence and risk factor prevalence over 25 years.

Introduction: To examine the trends in the prevalence of breast cancer risk factors in relation to breast cancer incidence trends and to explore whether the changes in risk factors differed by ethnicity in Hawaii over a 25-year period.

Methods: We pooled 17 population-based epidemiological studies conducted in Hawaii between 1975 and 2001. The study population of 82,295 women included subjects of Caucasian, Japanese, Native Hawaiian, Chinese, and Filipino ancestry.

Trends and dietary determinants of overweight and obesity in a multiethnic population.

Objectives: To describe trends in BMI among different ethnic groups in Hawaii and to explore the relation of nutrient and food intake with excess weight.

Research Methods And Procedures: We pooled demographic, anthropometric, and nutritional data derived from a detailed diet history for 159,683 participants of 18 population-based epidemiological studies conducted in Hawaii over a 25-year period. The age-adjusted prevalence of excess weight (BMI > or = 25 kg/m(2)) was estimated for 5-year intervals.

Helicobacter pylori, pepsinogen, and gastric adenocarcinoma in Hawaii.

Background: The objective was to investigate the association of Helicobacter pylori and serum pepsinogen (PG) levels with gastric adenocarcinoma.

Methods: Serum obtained from 299 patients at the time of cancer diagnosis and from 336 population-based control subjects was tested for PG I, PG II, and antibodies to H. pylori and to CagA.

Ethnic differences in trends and determinants of cigarette smoking in Hawaii.

Background: The prevalence of smoking continues to be higher in some ethnic groups than in others, despite the overall decrease of smoking during the last 30 years. The goal of this project was to investigate the trends and predictors of cigarette smoking among a population of Caucasians, Japanese, Chinese, Filipino, and Native Hawaiians.

Methods: We combined data from 19 earlier studies conducted in Hawaii between 1975 and 2001.