A rare association of infection of kidney and urinary tract with immunoglobulin A nephropathy.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB)-related secondary immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy is reported in a 72-year-old male patient. The patient was diagnosed to have MTB infection of the kidney and genitourinary tract which was diagnosed by the demonstration of the organism by GeneXpert Ultra and culture. Concurrent kidney biopsy showed IgA nephropathy.

The Spectrum of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis from Eastern India: Is It Different?

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a disease that is defined entirely by its histopathological appearance. The recent Columbian classification has grouped this disease into various types based on the light microscopic description. There is a paucity of data describing the distribution of its various subtypes from the Indian subcontinent.

Clinical profile and outcome of pigment-induced nephropathy.

Background: Pigment nephropathy represents one of the most severe complications of rhabdomyolysis or hemolysis.

Methods: We performed a retrospective observational study to analyze the etiology, clinical manifestation, laboratory profile and outcome in patients with biopsy-proven pigment-induced nephropathy between January 2011 and December 2016. History, clinical examination findings, laboratory investigations and outcome were recorded.

Occurrence of double primary malignancies in an African renal transplant recipient.

A 63-year-old African male with end stage renal disease who received a renal transplantation from his daughter after successful treatment of hepatitis C virus, type 1 genotype developed metastatic Kaposi's sarcoma and subsequently adenocarcinoma of the prostate. He was successfully treated with chemotherapy and reduction of immunosuppression and switch over to rapamycin.

A maintenance hemodialysis diabetic patient with unexplained pulmonary and gastrointestinal involvement.

A 50-year-old man with diabetes mellitus with diabetic retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, hypertension, and end-stage renal disease on maintenance hemodialysis, presented with persistent cough and hiccups, continued to be unwell with weight loss, poor appetite, and recurrent respiratory symptoms such as wheezing and cough. Whole body positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan showed metabolically active lesions in liver, stomach/lesser sac, pancreas, and left sixth rib. As he had repeated bilateral transudative pleural effusion, left mini thoracotomy with pleural biopsy showed no evidence of granuloma or malignancy.

Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: Oncological outcome analysis from a single-center Indian experience of 6 years.

Background: There is a lack of published data on laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) in India. Although the published short-term oncologic outcomes after LRP are encouraging, intermediate and long-term data are lacking.

Objective: We analyzed the oncological outcome after LRP based on 6 years of experience and compared it with the other single-center published literature.

Management of nephrolithiasis in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease - A single center experience.

Purpose: To evaluate available options for the management of nephrolithiasis in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD).

Materials And Methods: Case files of all the patients with ADPKD treated in our hospital in the last 18 years were evaluated. Their demographic details, clinical presentations, investigations, treatments, and outcomes were critically analyzed.

Laparoscopic versus open nephrectomy for xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: An outcome analysis.

Context: Current literature suggests that laparoscopic nephrectomy (LN) in patients with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is associated with high conversion and complication rate.

Aims: To report contemporary outcome of patients with XGP, managed with either open nephrectomy (ON) or LN.

Settings And Design: In this retrospective study, medical records of 37 patients with histopathologically confirmed XGP from January 2001 to October 2009 were reviewed.

Prospective comparative study of miniperc and standard PNL for treatment of 1 to 2 cm size renal stone.

Objective: • To evaluate the results of miniperc vis-à-vis standard PNL in the treatment of stones of 1-2 cm in size. Miniperc may represent a reasonable procedure in patients with nonbulky urolithiasis offering a similar outcome as standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) with advantage of reduced morbidity.

Patients And Methods: • 55 procedures including 27 miniperc and 28 standard PNL were performed for renal stones 1-2 cm in size.

First prize: Standard laparoscopic donor nephrectomy versus laparoendoscopic single-site donor nephrectomy: a randomized comparative study.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare in a randomized fashion the clinical outcomes following standard laparoscopic and laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) donor nephrectomies.

Materials And Methods: Fifty voluntary renal donors who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomized to standard laparoscopic (group A) and LESS (group B) donor nephrectomies. The primary end point of the study was patients' postoperative pain.

Percutaneous renal access training: content validation comparison between a live porcine and a virtual reality (VR) simulation model.

Objective: • To compare the content validity (realism and usefulness) of percutaneous renal access (PRA) obtained on a live porcine model and a high-fidelity computer-based surgical simulator (PERC Mentor, Simbionix; Lod, Israel) in our skills laboratory for trainees interested in PRA training, so as to determine which of the two is a more appropriate and effective training model.

Materials And Methods: • In all, 24 'experts' performed PRA in a live porcine model and using the PERC Mentor. • The porcine model access required a live anaesthetized pig with a pre-placed ureteric catheter.

Does rejection have a role in lymphocele formation post renal transplantation? A single centre experience.

Aim: To assess the relation of acute rejection with respect to lymphocele incidence and determine the effect of lymphocele with graft survival.

Methods: The paper is a singlecenter retrospective data review of renal transplant recipients from 1980 to 2007. A total of 1700 patients received kidneys from live donation, and 9 patients received from cadaver donor.

Face and content validity of transurethral resection of prostate on Uro Trainer: is the simulation training useful?

Background: Uro Trainer (UT; Karl Storz GmbH, Tuttlingen, Germany), a virtual reality simulator for transurethral resection of prostate (TURP), has been infrequently validated. To ascertain the utility of such a trainer, we performed a basic face and content validity study.

Materials And Methods: Ten experts and nine novices (done more than 50 and less than 3 TURPs, respectively) performed a TURP on UT and rated simulator usefulness (seven items), realism (five items), and overall score (one item) on a Likert's 10-point scale.

Predicting effectiveness of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy by stone attenuation value.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of stone attenuation value on the effectiveness of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) for upper urinary tract stones.

Methods: In this prospective study, 99 patients underwent SWL for solitary renal and upper ureteral stones from January 2007 to March 2009. All patients underwent CT scan before SWL.

Validation of virtual reality simulation for percutaneous renal access training.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the face, content, construct, convergent, and predictive validities of virtual reality-based simulator in acquisition of skills for percutaneous renal access.

Materials And Methods: A cohort of 24 participants comprising novices (n = 15) and experts (n = 9) performed a specific task of percutaneous renal puncture using the same case scenario on PERC Mentor. All objective parameters were stored and analyzed to establish construct validity.

Questioning the wisdom of tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL): a prospective randomized controlled study of early tube removal vs tubeless PCNL.

Objective: To establish the efficacy of early removal of a nephrostomy tube after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), to challenge the wisdom of tubeless PCNL, as we hypothesized that it would result in a shorter hospital stay, comparable benefit and safety, while maintaining the option of check nephroscopy ensuring far superior stone clearance.

Patients And Methods: In all, 22 patients were prospectively randomized equally into two groups, group 1 (early nephrostomy removal) or group 2 (tubeless) during a 1-month study period. Inclusion criteria for the study were: a simple stone of <3 cm, no significant bleeding, no perforation, single-tract access and 'on-table' complete stone clearance.

The impact of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Introduction: The impact of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients was retrospectively analyzed in this study. We analyzed the factors that can impair renal function and predict the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT) after PCNL.

Patients And Methods: Ninety-one chronic kidney patients with a mean age of 52.

Laparoendoscopic single-site donor nephrectomy: a single-center experience.

Objectives: To present our experience with 13 patients undergoing laparoendoscopic single-site live donor nephrectomy.

Methods: The Quadport/Triport (Advanced Surgical Concepts, Ireland) was inserted through an incision in the umbilicus. Apart from standard laparoscopic instruments, we used extra-long harmonic scalpel, suction, and bent instruments, particularly for upper pole dissection.

Laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation: a single center experience and literature review.

Background: Laparoscopic Boari flap, psoas hitch, and direct ureteral reimplantation have all been described in the management of benign distal ureteral strictures.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective review of a single center experience of laparoscopic reconstructive surgery for benign distal ureteral strictures was undertaken. The results of this initial series were compared with the published literature.

Measuring stone surface area from a radiographic image is accurate and reproducible with the help of an imaging program.

Background And Purpose: The surface area of the stone from a radiographic image is one of the more suitable parameters defining stone bulk. The widely accepted method of measuring stone surface area is to count the number of square millimeters enclosed within a tracing of the stone outline on graph paper. This method is time consuming and cumbersome with potential for human error, especially when multiple measurements are needed.

Urolithiasis in the horseshoe kidney: a single-centre experience.

Objective: To report the operative management and subsequent stone-free rates of patients with urolithiasis in a horseshoe kidney and treated at one centre.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all patients presenting to our centre with a horseshoe kidney and urolithiasis over a 15-year period. The stone burden, surgical management, complications and stone clearance rates were recorded.