Exposure factors associated with antimicrobial resistance and identification of management practices for preharvest mitigation along broiler production systems: A systematic review.

Objective: This systematic review aimed to (i) determine the risk of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) development associated with antimicrobial use (AMU) and other exposure factors in broilers, and (ii) identify best management practices to mitigate preharvest AMR development of enteric bacteria alongside broiler production.

Methods: Study selection criteria comprised the population, exposure or intervention, comparator, and outcome framework and included broiler (population), AMU or other management practices (exposure or intervention), organic or antibiotic-free production (comparator), and the presence of AMR-enteric bacteria/genes (outcome). Peer-reviewed primary research studies were searched in PubMed on 19 December 2022, and AGRICOLA, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science on 10 February 2023.

Survivability of spores in fermented pork summer sausage during refrigerated storage.

Background And Aim: is a spore-forming pathogen that causes serious enteric disease in humans. Strains have been isolated from food animals and meat, including pork, which suggest a potential for foodborne transmission. Pork summer sausage is a popular fermented meat product, which is consumed cooked or cooked to a lower internal temperature due to acidification of the product.

Protective Effect of Baicalin against Infection in Mice.

This study investigated the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacies of baicalin (BC), a plant-derived flavone glycoside, in reducing the severity of infection (CDI) in a mouse model. In the prophylactic trial, C57BL/6 mice were provided with BC (0, 11, and 22 mg/L in drinking water) from 12 days before challenge through the end of the experiment, whereas BC administration started day 1 post challenge in the therapeutic trial. Both challenge and control groups were infected with 10 CFU/mL of hypervirulent BAA 1803 spores or sterile PBS, and the clinical and diarrheal scores were recorded for 10 days post challenge.

antivirulence activity of baicalin against .

is an enteric pathogen that causes a serious toxin-mediated colitis in humans. Bacterial exotoxins and sporulation are critical virulence components that contribute to pathogenesis, and disease transmission and relapse, respectively. Therefore, reducing toxin production and sporulation could significantly minimize pathogenicity and disease outcome in affected individuals.

In vitro efficacy of sodium selenite in reducing toxin production, spore outgrowth and antibiotic resistance in hypervirulent Clostridium difficile.

Purpose: This study investigated the efficacy of the essential mineral, selenium (sodium selenite), in reducing the toxin production, spore outgrowth and antibiotic resistance of Clostridium difficile in vitro.

Methodology: Two hypervirulent C. difficile isolates were cultured in brain heart infusion broth with and without a sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (sub-MIC) of sodium selenite, and the supernatant and bacterial pellet were harvested for total toxin quantitation and RT-qPCR analysis of toxin-encoding genes, respectively.