Atrial fibrillation in a child with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a rare complication of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. A 10-year-old boy with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection 10 weeks before presentation developed AF following the onset of MIS-C. The patient presented with high fever, conjunctival congestion, erythematous throat, and a diffuse erythematous macular rash involving the face and both legs, in addition to respiratory distress and shock requiring oxygen and vasopressor support.

Short-Term Effects of Cholecalciferol Supplementation on cFGF23 Levels in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease and Vitamin D Insufficiency.

Data on the effect of vitamin D supplementation on fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), in chronic kidney disease (CKD) are scarce. In a prospective interventional study, the effect of vitamin D supplementation on cFGF23 (C-terminal FGF23) levels in children with CKD stages 2-4 was examined. Forty-one children with CKD and vitamin D insufficiency were administered 600,000 units of cholecalciferol over 3 d; 88% of patients achieved sufficiency at 8 wk.

Modified Schwartz formula and Tc-DTPA plasma clearance methods to calculate glomerular filtration rate in critically ill children.

Background: Studies comparing the modified Schwartz formula with measured GFR (m-GFR) are lacking in critically ill children.

Methods: This prospective cohort study enrolled children aged 1 month to 12 years, within 24 h of admission. m-GFR measured by technetium-99m-labeled diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Tc-DTPA) and calculated by Russell's two-sample slope-intercept method.

Prospective Cohort Study on Cumulative Fluid Balance and Outcome in Critically Ill Children Using a Restrictive Fluid Protocol.

Objective: To study the association of cumulative fluid balance and clinical outcomes in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) practicing restrictive fluid protocol.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, children aged less than 13 y admitted for more than 48 h were screened. Children with unstable hemodynamics throughout the stay were excluded.

Trial of Furosemide to Prevent Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Children: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial.

Objective: To study whether furosemide infusion in early-onset acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill children would be associated with a reduced proportion of patients progressing to the higher stage (Injury or Failure) as compared to placebo.

Method: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized pilot trial was conducted. The authors enrolled children aged 1-mo (corrected) to 12-y, who were diagnosed with AKI ("risk" stage) using pediatric-Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End stage kidney disease (p-RIFLE) criteria, and achieved immediate resuscitation goals within 24 h of admission.

Epinephrine Plus Vasopressin vs Epinephrine Plus Placebo in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Randomized Double Blind Controlled Clinical Trial.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of epinephrine plus vasopressin vs epinephrine plus placebo in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

Design: Randomized, double-blind controlled clinical trial.

Setting: PICU in a tertiary care institute from February, 2019 to May, 2020.

Calcinosis in juvenile dermatomyositis mimicking cold abscess.

We report a case of dystrophic calcification presenting as soft cystic swelling in a patient with juvenile dermatomyositis. A 15-year-old boy with lumbosacral cystic swelling, which was considered a cold abscess clinically, was evaluated for nonresponse to antitubercular therapy. The cystic swelling had liquefied calcium with a well circumscribed calcified wall on imaging, which was subsequently excised.