Characterization of Pot Ale from a Scottish Malt Whisky Distillery and Potential Applications.

Over 2.7 billion liters of pot ale is produced annually as a co-product of Scottish malt whisky, and apart from evaporation to pot ale syrup as a feed, it is primarily treated by anaerobic digestion or land/sea disposal. The aim of this study was to assess pot ale components and their potential applications.

Short-term spontaneous fluctuations of HBV DNA levels in a Senegalese population with chronic hepatitis B.

Background: We evaluated the short-term spontaneous fluctuations of HBV DNA and HBsAg levels in Senegalese patients with chronic infection with hepatitis B virus and normal ALT and determined factors related to these fluctuations.

Method: A total of 87 patients with persistent normal ALT values were enrolled in the study. Serum samples were obtained at three different visits, with an interval of 2 months (M0, M2, and M4), and without initiating anti HBV treatment.

Liver stiffness measurement and biochemical markers in Senegalese chronic hepatitis B patients with normal ALT and high viral load.

Background And Aims: Despite the high prevalence of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in Africa, few studies have been performed among African patients. We sought to evaluate liver stiffness measurement by FibroScan® (LSM) and two biochemical scores (FibroTest®, Fibrometer®) to diagnose liver fibrosis in Senegalese CHB patients with HBV plasma DNA load ≥3.2 log(10) IU/mL and normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values.