Further evidence to support acute and chronic anti-inflammatory effects of .

Background And Purpose: Previously, we reported the anti-inflammatory properties of (watercress) in several models of acute inflammation. This study was designed to explore the effects of topical and systemic administrations of in the two chronic inflammatory models and to evaluate the role of TNF-α and IL-1β in these effects.

Experimental Approach: Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods were used to estimate the extract's total phenol and flavonoid content, respectively.

The Relationship between Salivary and Serum IgA and IgG Levels and Dental Caries in Adults.

Background: Dental caries is one of the most common microbial infectious diseases. The important method for as-sessment of oral health status is DMFT (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth). Recent studies have shown conflicting results regarding the relationship of antibodies with dental caries.

The emerging role of microRNA in regulating the mTOR signaling pathway in immune and inflammatory responses.

The mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is considered to be an atypical protein kinase that plays a critical role in integrating different cellular and environmental inputs in the form of growth factors, nutrients and energy and, subsequently, in regulating different cellular events, including cell metabolism, survival, homeostasis, growth and cellular differentiation. Immunologically, mTOR is a critical regulator of immune function through integrating numerous signals from the immune microenvironment, which coordinates the functions of immune cells and T cell fate decisions. The crucial role of mTOR in immune responses has been lately even more appreciated.

Plasma Levels and Gene Expression of RANK in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Background: The pathobiology of initiation and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has not been completely elucidated. It seems that the RANK/RANKL/OPG cytokine system play an etiologic role in pathogenesis of this disease. This study aimed to investigate the plasma content and gene expression of RANK in NAFLD patients as compared to healthy individuals.

Circulating Levels of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis.

Background: Pro-inflammatory cytokines are associated with systemic inflammatory responses.

Objective: To investigate the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) compared to healthy individuals.

Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 30 patients with NAFL, 30 patients with NASH, and 30 healthy volunteers.

IL-21 and IL-21 receptor in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.

Cytokines are considered important factors in the modulation of various immune responses. Among them, interleukin (IL)-21 is one of the major immune modulators, adjusting various immune responses by affecting various immune cells. It has been suggested that IL-21 may enhance autoimmunity through different mechanisms, such as development and activation of helper T (TH)-17 and follicular helper T (TFH) cells, activation of natural killer (NK) cells, enhancing B-cell differentiation and antibody secretion and suppression of regulatory T (Treg) cells.

The role of natural killer T cells in B cell malignancies.

Little is known regarding the precise role of different subsets of natural killer T (NKT) cells in the immunopathogenesis of cancer diseases, particularly hematopoietic malignancies. Although it is well known that NKT cells counteract tumor immunity, conflicting reports on the role of NKT cells in hematopoietic malignancies support more investigations to clarify the interactions between NKT cells and the tumor. Among the hematopoietic malignancies, B cell malignancies derive from different stages of B cell maturation in which T cells play a pivotal role.

CTLA-4 gene promoter and exon 1 polymorphisms in Iranian patients with gastric and colorectal cancers.

Background And Aim: Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is a potent immunoregulatory molecule that suppresses antitumor response by down-regulating T-cell activation. Effects of several polymorphisms in CTLA-4 on CTLA-4 expression and function have been previously documented. The aim of this study was to investigate the putative effect of CTLA-4 polymorphisms on susceptibility to gastric and colorectal cancers in an Iranian population.