Prolonged semen incubation alters the biological characteristics of human spermatozoa.

Objective: The present study assessed the biological characteristics of human spermatozoa at different time intervals (0, 1, 1.5, and 2 hours) after incubation at 37°C.

Methods: Twenty-five normozoospermic semen samples were incubated at 37°C.

Altered methyltransferase gene expression, mitochondrial copy number and 4977-bp common deletion in subfertile men with variable sperm parameters.

Semen parameters have been found to predict reproductive success poorly and are the most prevalent diagnostic tool for male infertility. There are few conflicting reports regarding the correlation of DNMT genes expression, mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) and deletion (mtDNAdel) with different sperm parameters. To investigate DNMT mRNA level, mtDNAcn and deletion in infertile men, with different sperm parameters, compared with fertile men, semen samples from 30 men with unknown male infertility and normal sperm parameters (experimental group I), 30 infertile patients with at least two abnormal sperm parameters (experimental group II) and 30 fertile normozoospermic men (control group) were collected.

The effects of caffeine on ovarian tissue in rats.

Caffeine consumption increases during early adulthood, which has adverse effects on the reproductive system. This study aimed to assess the impact of embryonic caffeine exposure on rat ovary in adulthood. Female Wistar rats (240-270 g) were divided into 5 groups (n = 7): experimental groups were exposed to 26, 45, 100, and 150 mg/kg of caffeine via drinking water during pregnancy and the control group only received drinking water.

Effects of different doses of tamoxifen on the sperm parameters and chromatin quality in mice: An experimental model.

Background: Tamoxifen (TX) is widely used for the treatment of male factor and idiopathic infertility. It has been shown that TX induces sperm production and so improves male fertility.

Objective: This study evaluated the effects of different doses of TX on the sperm parameters and chromatin quality in mice.

Protective effect of vitamin E on oxidative stress and sperm apoptosis in diabetic Mice.

Background: Generation of free radicals and oxidative stress are a major contributor to diabetes. These factors lead to the development of diabetic testicles disorders.

Objective: In this study, the protective effect of vitamin E on functional disorders associated with diabetes induced oxidative stress in male reproductive systems has been investigated.

Effects of Tamoxifen on DNA Integrity in Mice.

Background: Tamoxifen (TX) is widely used to treat idiopathic infertility in men. Using TX has been shown to produce sperm in patients with oligospermia and azoospermia and improve male fertility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of TX on DNA and chromatin quality in mice regarding the importance of chromatin quality and sperm DNA at all stages of reproduction.

Stereological Method for Assessing the Effect of Vitamin C Administration on the Reduction of Acrylamide-induced Neurotoxicity.

Introduction: Acrylamide (ACR) consumption is increasing all over the world. There are some evidence on the literature about its neurotoxic effect on mature animals, but the effects of ACR on postnatal development have been less studied. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of ACR on development of cortical layer, white matter, and number of Purkinje cells of the cerebellum in rat newborns.

Saccharin consumption increases sperm DNA fragmentation and apoptosis in mice.

Background: Saccharin is an artificial non-caloric sweetener that used to sweeten products such as drinks, candies, medicines, and toothpaste, but our bodies cannot metabolize it. Sodium saccharin is considered as an important factor in tumor promotion in male rats but not in humans.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of saccharin consumption on sperm parameters and apoptosis in adult mice.

Effects of different doses of ethanol on sperm parameters, chromatin structure and apoptosis in adult mice.

Objective: Chronic ethanol abuse causes reproductive organ failure and infertility in both humans and laboratory animals. Since sperm has a critical role in reproductive function, the objective of this unique study was to evaluate the effects of different doses of ethanol on sperm parameters, chromatin structure and apoptosis in adult mice.

Study Design: A total of 36 adult male mice were equally divided into four groups.

Effects of ethanol consumption on chromatin condensation and DNA integrity of epididymal spermatozoa in rat.

Alcohol abuse is considered as one of the problems associated with poor semen production and sperm quality. Both acute and chronic alcohol consumption may affect spermatozoal chromatin disorders through apoptosis. Therefore, for the first time, this experimental study was performed to evaluate the effect of ethanol consumption on sperm parameters and chromatin integrity of spermatozoa aspirated from cauda epididymis of rats.