2q35-rs13387042 variant and the risk of breast cancer: a case-control study.

Background: Breast Cancer is the most frequent neoplasm diagnosed among women worldwide. Genetic background and lifestyle/environment play a significant role in the disease etiology. According to Genome-wide association studies, some single-nucleotide polymorphisms such as 2q35-rs13387042-(G/A) have been introduced to be associated with breast cancer risk and features.

microRNAs: Key players in virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is known as one of the major health problems worldwide. Pathological analysis indicated that a variety of risk factors including genetical (i.e.

Expression of circulating miR-17, miR-25, and miR-133 in breast cancer patients.

One of the most lethal cancers among women is breast cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can be of great importance in the early detection of breast cancer. This study aimed to investigate some miRNAs in the serum of patients with breast cancer compared with the control group.

Epstein-Barr virus and thyroid cancer: The role of viral expressed proteins.

Background: Thyroid cancer is a common endocrine malignancy whose incidence has increased in recent years. Several internal and external risk factors are involved in the development of this cancer, such as infectious agents. Evidence supporting the role of viral infection as an etiology for the invasiveness of thyroid cancer is increasing.

Chemopreventive and therapeutic potential of curcumin in esophageal cancer: Current and future status.

Esophageal cancer is a common malignant tumor with an increasing trend during the past three decades. Currently, esophagectomy, often in combination with neoadjuvant chemo- and radiotherapy, is the cornerstone of curative treatment for esophageal cancer. However, esophagostomy is related to significant risks of perioperative mortality and morbidity, as well as lengthy recovery.

Micro-RNAs as critical regulators of matrix metalloproteinases in cancer.

Metastasis is known to be one of the important factors associated with cancer-related deaths worldwide. Several cellular and molecular targets are involved in the metastasis process. Among these targets, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play central roles in promoting cancer metastasis.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy: an updated review of common available therapies.

Background And Purpose: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal progressive pediatric muscle disorder and genetically inherited as an X-linked disease that caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. DMD leads to progressive muscle weakness, degeneration, and wasting; finally, follows with the premature demise in affected individuals due to respiratory and/or cardiac failure typically by age of 30. For decades, scientists tried massively to find an effective therapy method, but there is no absolute cure currently for patients with DMD, nevertheless, recent advanced progressions on the treatment of DMD will be hopeful in the future.

Genetics and immunodysfunction underlying Behçet's disease and immunomodulant treatment approaches.

Behçet's disease (BD) is a chronic autoimmune condition primarily prevalent in populations along the Mediterranean Sea. The exact etiology of BD has not been fully explained yet, but the disease occurrence is associated with a genetic factor, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B51 antigen. Among the various immunodysfunctions that are found in BD, patients are increased neutrophil motility and superoxide production, as well as elevated production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and decreased production of interleukin (IL)-10.

PD-1 and cancer: molecular mechanisms and polymorphisms.

The programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is expressed by activated T cells that act as an immunoregulatory molecule, and are responsible for the negative regulation of T cell activation and peripheral tolerance. The PD-1 gene also encodes an inhibitory cell surface receptor involved in the regulation of T cell functions during immune responses/tolerance. Beyond potent inhibitory effects on T cells, PD-1 also has a role in regulating B cell and monocyte responses.