Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 RNA contamination in water supply resources of Tabriz metropolitan during a peak of COVID-19 pandemic.

It is crucial to have access to clean water resources during the COVID-19 pandemic for hygiene, since virus infection through wastewater leaks in metropolitan areas can be a threat. Accurate monitoring of urban water resources during the pandemic seems to be the only way to confirm safe and infected resources. Here, in this study, the amount of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2's Ribonucleic Acid (SARS-CoV-2 RNA) in the Tabriz urban water network located in the northwest of Iran was investigated by an extensive sampling of the city's water sources at a severe peak of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Linking plant and soil indices for water stress management in black gram.

Measurement of plant and soil indices as well as their combinations are generally used for irrigation scheduling and water stress management of crops and horticulture. Rapid and accurate determination of irrigation time is one of the most important issues of sustainable water management in order to prevent plant water stress. The objectives of this study are to develop baselines and provide irrigation scheduling relationships during different stages of black gram growth, determine the critical limits of plant and soil indices, and also determine the relationships between plant physiology and soil indices.

Estimation of evaporation from saline water.

Evaporation, as the main source of water loss from closed lakes, makes a significant contribution to the water balance equation of the lake and can lead to changes in the chemical composition thereof. The objective of the study was to develop an equation for estimation of evaporation from the water surface with different depths and concentrations. To that end, 48 barrels were used to model evaporation at 6 different depths and 8 different concentrations of salinity.

Generalized gene expression programming models for estimating reference evapotranspiration through cross-station assessment and exogenous data supply.

Adopting methodologies utilizing exogenous data from ancillary stations for determining crop water requirement is a suitable approach to exempt local shortcomings due to the lack of meteorological data/stations. Meanwhile, soft computing techniques might be suitable tools to be used with such data management scenarios. The present paper aimed at evaluating the generalizability of the gene expression programming (GEP) technique for estimating reference evapotranspiration (ET) through cross-station assessment and exogenous data supply, using data from Turkey and Iran.