Study of changes in rs2283265 polymorphisms in dopamine receptor D2 and rs27072 in dopamine transporter gene (SLC6A3) in patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Objectives: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in children that lead to numerous complications. This study examined the changes in rs2283265 polymorphisms in the dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) and rs27072 in the dopamine transporter gene (SLC6A3) in ADHD patients.

Materials & Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on children aged 4-12 years with ADHD.

The effect of adding ferrous sulfate to methylphenidate on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children.

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in children with several complications. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of adding ferrous sulfate to methylphenidate in decreasing ADHD symptoms. This study was a double-blind, randomized clinical trial.

Evaluation of response to hepatitis B vaccine in Iranian 6-18-year-old students.

Background: Hepatitis B is a dangerous disease with high morbidity and mortality rates all around the world. Vaccination is the most important way to its prevention and control. This cross-sectional study was carried out to study the levels of immunogenicity to hepatitis B vaccine in students.

Blood Lead Levels in Children of Southwest Iran, Aged 2-6 Years and Associated Factors.

Introduction: Lead is one of the toxic metals that can cause several complications in children.

Aim: This study was conducted to determine Blood Lead Levels (BLLs) in healthy children and its association with individual and environmental factors.

Materials And Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 262 healthy children aged 2-6 years in Shahrekord, Southwest Iran in 2013.

Comparison of amoxicillin and metronidazole effect on three-drug regimen for the treatment of infection in children.

is an important risk factor for chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. Three-drug regimen is the first-line treatment for this infection, but the response rate to treatment varies in different geographical regions. This study was conducted to comparatively determine the effect of amoxicillin and metronidazole on three-drug regimen to treat infection in 1-15-year-old children.

Phytotherapy with : A Randomized Controlled Trial on Infants with Jaundice.

Introduction: Jaundice is one of the most common causes of admission to hospital in newborns which is often associated with several complications.

Aim: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of in reducing jaundice.

Materials And Methods: In this double-blind, randomized controlled trials 70 term infants hospitalized due to jaundice in 2014 were enrolled.

Association between Interleukin-10-1082 G/A and Tumor Necrosis Factor- 308 G/A Gene Polymorphisms and Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Iranian Preterm Infants.

Cytokine polymorphisms may contribute to the prevalence of respiratory distress syndrome. The present study was done to investigate the frequency of interleukin- (IL-) 10 and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) gene polymorphisms and their association with the risk of RDS in preterm infants. One-hundred and nineteen patients with RDS and 119 healthy preterm infants were enrolled.

Effect of folic acid and metformin on insulin resistance and inflammatory factors of obese children and adolescents.

Background: Considering the increasing trend of obesity, especially in developing countries such as Iran, and the role of inflammatory factors and insulin resistance (IR) in the occurrence of obesity-related complications as well as the safety of some agents such as folic acid and metformin, this clinical trial was designed to investigate the effect of metformin and folic acid on inflammatory factors and IR among obese children.

Materials And Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial study, sixty obese children aged 6-12 years were enrolled. Selected obese children were randomly allocated in two interventional (1 mg/daily folic acid or 1000 mg metformin for 8 weeks) groups.

Effect of Phenobarbital on Nitric Oxide Level in Term Newborn Infants with Perinatal Asphyxia.

Objectives: Perinatal asphyxia (PA) is very significant in perinatal medicine due to the involvement of the central nervous system. This study was conducted to investigate the biochemical, clinical, and paraclinical changes associated with phenobarbital administration in neonates with PA.

Methods: In this prospective, case-control study, 30 neonates with PA in two groups of 15 each (case and control) were investigated.

Protective Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Ferulago Angulata Against Gentamicin-induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats.

Introduction: Gentamicin can lead to acute tubular injury and kidney dysfunction. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Ferulago angulata on kidney function and other markers in rats with gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity.

Materials And Methods: Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: group 1, the controls; group 2, rats receiving gentamicin (120 mg/kg body weight per day, intraperitoneal) for 7 days without treatment; groups 3, 4 and 5, rats receiving gentamicin for 7 days and oral treatment with 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, and 800 mg/kg body weight per day of Ferulago angulate extract, respectively.

Cotoneaster: A Safe and Easy Way to Reduce Neonatal Jaundice.

Introduction: Consumption of cotoneaster may reduce neonatal jaundice.

Aim: Hence this study was undertaken to determine the effect of mothers' cotoneaster consumption on treatment of their neonates' jaundice.

Materials And Methods: In this randomized clinical trial study, 120 neonates with jaundice referred to a hospital in southwest Iran were enrolled by nonprobability sampling and divided randomly into four groups.

Prevalence of Nosocomial Diarrhea Due to Adenoviruses 40 and 41 in a Paediatric Ward in Iran.

Background: Enteric adenoviruses 40 (Ad40) and adenovirus 41 (Ad41) have been shown to be a significant cause of paediatric gastroenteritis worldwide, but no data are available for nosocomial diarrhea due to adenovirus in Iran.

Aim: The present study was performed to determine the incidence of Ad40 and Ad41 in children less than five years with nosocomial diarrhea in Shahrekord, southwest Iran.

Materials And Methods: Adenovirus was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in stool samples collected during one year (2010-2011) from children less than five years with nosocomial diarrhea admitted to a paediatric center in Shahrekord, Iran.

Therapeutic effects of Ventolin versus hypertonic saline 3% for acute bronchiolitis in children.

Background: Complications of Ventolin as the most common drug used for bronchiolitis are widely known. The present study was conducted to determine the efficacy of hypertonic saline 3%, compared with Ventolin, for treatment of acute bronchiolitis in children.

Methods: This double-blinded clinical trial study was conducted in Hajar Hospital, Shahrekord, Iran, from 2011 to 2012.

Case Presentation of a 23-Month-old Herpes Simplex Virus-infected Girl with Brain and Oesophageal Involvement.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is the most common identifiable cause of serious or life threatening sporadic, endemic encephalitis. Typical HSV encephalitis in patients outside neonatal age is caused by HSV-1. A 23-month-old girl was referred to our hospital with a three-day history of fever, listlessness, slurred speech, and suspicious oesophageal foreign body impaction.

Prevalence and molecular characterization of rotaviruses as causes of nosocomial diarrhea in children.

Rotaviruses have been confirmed as causative agents of nosocomial gastroenteritis in children, but limited data exist concerning the epidemiology of nosocomial rotavirus gastroenteroentritis in Iran. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and molecular characteristics of rotavirus in children less than five years old with nosocomial diarrhea in Shahrekord (southwest of Iran).This cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2010 and October 2011.

The effect of Ramadan fasting on serum leptin, neuropeptide Y and insulin in pregnant women.

Background: Many pregnant Muslim women choose to fast during Ramadan every year worldwide. This study aimed to examine the effect of Ramadan fasting on serum leptin, neuropeptide Y and insulin in pregnant women and find whether fasting during pregnancy could have a negative effect on the health of mothers and fetuses.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 39 healthy volunteer fasting pregnant women.

Effects of synbiotics on treatment of children with failure to thrive: A triple blind placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Failure to thrive (FTT) is a common problem of children especially in underdeveloped countries. In addition to its short-term adverse health effects, it is associated with long-term behavioral and cognitive defects. One of the recommended treatment modalities for FTT is using synbiotics.

Prevalence of Heptavalent Vaccine-related Pneumococcal Serotypes in Nasopharyngeal carrier in children under five years old in Shahrekord, Iran by Multiplex-PCR during 2010- 2011.

Background: Heptavalent pneumococcal vaccine which included pneumococcal serotypes 4, 6B, 9V,14, 18C, 19F and 23F has been regularly used and is effective on preventing invasive pneumococcal infection. This study aimed to determine vaccine-related serotype distribution in nasopharyngeal carrier and healthy children under five years old.

Materials And Methods: In this cross-sectional study from September 2010 to September 2011, 363 nasopharyngeal specimens were collected from healthy children in day care centers.

A comparison of the efficacy of amoxicillin and nasal irrigation in treatment of acute sinusitis in children.

Purpose: The efficacy of antibiotic therapy for acute sinusitis is controversial. This study aimed to compare the efficacies of amoxicillin with nasal irrigation and nasal irrigation alone for acute sinusitis in children.

Methods: This randomized, double-blind, controlled study included 80 children aged 4-15 years with a clinical presentation of acute sinusitis.

Preferences of Iranian patients about style of labelling and calling of their physicians.

Objective: To document the performance of patients regarding label styles of their doctors and modes of addressing them.

Methods: In this descriptive survey, 400 patients, at two teaching hospitals--Hajar and Kashani--with a mean age of 40.5 +/- 19.

Selenium and leptin levels in febrile seizure: a case-control study in children.

Purpose: Febrile seizures (FS) are seizures that occur between the age of 6 and 60 months, but its pathophysiology still is not fully understood. There is limited information about the correlation between levels of selenium and leptin with FS. This study aimed to determine the relationship between serum levels of selenium and leptin in children with FS.

Iranian research output in pediatrics: 1975-2007.

Background: By providing a picture from published articles in a field, bibliometric studies can inform policy-makers in their challenging research funding decisions. In this regard, we applied bibliometric analysis to the Iranian pediatrics articles published in PubMed indexed journals between 1975 and 2007.

Methods: We evaluated all pediatric articles that had been published from Iran in different PubMed indexed journals from 1975 to 2007.