Chitinases: expanding the boundaries of knowledge beyond routinized chitin degradation.

Chitinases, enzymes that degrade chitin, have long been studied for their role in various biological processes. They play crucial roles in the moulting process of invertebrates, the digestion of chitinous food, and defense against chitin-bearing pathogens. Additionally, chitinases are involved in physiological functions in crustaceans, such as chitinous food digestion, moulting, and stress response.

Assessing organism differences in mixed metal sensitivity.

Metal contamination of aquatic environments remains a major concern and has received significant attention in recent years. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of metal mixtures of varying concentrations over time in a lake receiving runoff water from a decommissioned mine. By subjecting several organisms to this water, we aimed to identify the most susceptible species, thus enabling a comprehensive evaluation of the risk posed by different toxins to the biotic environment.

Bibliometric Analysis on Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis-Related Research Trends in Africa: A Decade-Long Study.

Tuberculosis is one of the oldest known diseases and the leading communicable cause of deaths worldwide. Although several studies have been carried out on tuberculosis, no research has examined the publication trends in this area. Hence, this study aimed to fill the gap by conducting a bibliometric study in publications trends on tuberculosis and tuberculosis-related studies in Africa from 2010-2019 and explore the hotspots.

Global bibliometric meta-analytic assessment of research trends on microbial chlorine resistance in drinking water/water treatment systems.

Chlorine is the commonest and cheapest disinfectant used in drinking water and wastewater treatment at household, municipal and industrial levels. However, the uprising of microbial chlorine resistance (MCR) pose critical public health hazard concerns; because, its potentiate exposure to difficult-to-treat resistant pathogens. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating the burden of MCR in drinking water/wastewater treatment and distribution systems (DWWTDS) via science mapping of research productivity (authors, countries, institutions), thematic conceptual framework, disciplines, research networks and associated intellectual landscape.

Molecular determination of genetic diversity among and isolated from milk, water, and meat samples using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR).

Consumption of contaminated meat, milk, and water are among the major routes of human campylobacteriosis. This study aimed to determined the genetic diversity of and isolated from meat, milk, and water samples collected from different locations. From the 376 samples (meat = 248, cow milk = 72, and water = 56) collected, a total of 1238 presumptive isolates were recovered and the presence of the genus were detected in 402 isolates, and from which, 85 and 67 isolates were identified as and respectively.

Occurrence, Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance-Associated Markers in Species Isolated from Retail Fresh Milk and Water Samples in Two District Municipalities in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.

species are among the major bacteria implicated in human gastrointestinal infections and are majorly found in faeces of domestic animals, sewage discharges and agricultural runoff. These pathogens have been implicated in diseases outbreaks through consumption of contaminated milk and water in some parts of the globe and reports on this is very scanty in the Eastern Cape Province. Hence, this study evaluated the occurrence as well as virulence and antimicrobial-associated makers of species recovered from milk and water samples.

Campylobacteriosis Agents in Meat Carcasses Collected from Two District Municipalities in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.

Raw meats are sometimes contaminated with species from animal faeces, and meats have repeatedly been implicated in foodborne infections. This study evaluated the prevalence, virulence genes, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and resistance gene determinants in species isolated from retailed meat carcasses. A total of 248 raw meat samples were collected from butcheries, supermarkets, and open markets; processed for enrichment in Bolton broth; and incubated at 42 °C for 48 h in 10% CO.

Human campylobacteriosis: A public health concern of global importance.

species are among the leading cause of bacterial foodborne and waterborne infections. In addition, is one of the major causative agent of bacterial gastrointestinal infections and the rise in the incidence of infections have been reported worldwide. Also, the emergence of some species as one of the main causative agent of diarrhea and the propensity of these bacteria species to resist the actions of antimicrobial agents; position them as a serious threat to the public health.

Molecular Characterization and Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Recovered from Wastewater Treatment Plants in Eastern Cape South Africa.

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are designed to eliminate organic matter and pathogens but most WWTPs discharges antimicrobial resistance pathogens into aquatic milieu. The study aimed to examine the antibiotics resistant patterns and the presence of some resistance genes among isolates from WWTPs effluents. Water were collected from WWTPs final effluents, filtered through nitrocellulose membrane and the filter papers were placed on chromogenic agar plates, incubated for 24 h at 37 °C.

Chemical constituents, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of the essential oil flower of Tagetes minuta grown in Cala community Eastern Cape, South Africa.

Background: Tagetes minuta has a long record of human use for the treatment of stomach and intestinal diseases. Most drugs used for diseases treatment are less efficacious with side effects and this brought the search for new treatment regimens mainly from medicinal plants.

Method: The essential oil (EO) was extracted by Clevenger's-type apparatus and its chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial properties were determined by GC-MS, spectrophotometric and broth dilution methods respectively.

Genetic profiling for Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species in ticks collected in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.

Background: Anaplasma and Ehrlichia are emerging tick-borne pathogens that cause anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis in humans and other animals worldwide. Infections caused by these pathogens are deadly if left untreated. There has been relatively no systematic survey of these pathogens among ticks in South Africa, thus necessitating this study.