Home-Based Exercise and Self-Management After Lung Cancer Resection: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Patients with lung cancer have poor physical functioning and quality of life. Despite promising outcomes for those who undertake exercise programs, implementation into practice of previously tested hospital-based programs is rare.

Objective: To evaluate a home-based exercise and self-management program for patients after lung resection.

Modeling sex-specific whole-body metabolic responses to feeding and fasting.

Men generally favor carbohydrate metabolism, while women lean towards lipid metabolism, resulting in significant sex-based differences in energy oxidation across various metabolic states such as fasting and feeding. These differences are influenced by body composition and inherent metabolic fluxes, including increased lipolysis rates in women. However, understanding how sex influences organ-specific metabolism and systemic manifestations remains incomplete.

Study protocol for a single-site feasibility study evaluating the adoption and fidelity of Prep-4-RT: prehabilitation for head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy.

Introduction: Prep-4-RT is a co-designed stepped-care multimodal prehabilitation program for people scheduled to receive radiotherapy for head and neck cancer (HNC). Prehabilitation, which occurs between diagnosis and treatment commencement, aims to improve a patient's health to reduce the incidence and severity of current and future impairments. HNC treatment can be distressing and has detrimental impacts on function and quality of life.

"How Do I Test the Waters? How Do I Go Forward?": Codesigning a Supportive Pathway after Critical Illness.

Long-term recovery after critical illness can be affected by post-intensive care syndrome (PICS), a significant burden, which can impact return to activities and work. There is a need for streamlined support for intensive care unit (ICU) patients in their recovery while enduring PICS symptoms. To explore critical illness recovery from the experiences, perspectives, and beliefs of former ICU patients, their caregivers, and multidisciplinary clinicians to design a future rehabilitation intervention prototype to support ICU patients.

Sexual Dimorphism in Substrate Metabolism During Exercise.

During aerobic exercise, women oxidize significantly more lipids and less carbohydrates than men. This sexual dimorphism in substrate metabolism has been attributed, in part, to the observed differences in epinephrine and glucagon levels between men and women during exercise. To identify the underpinning candidate physiological mechanisms for these sex differences, we developed a sex-specific multi-scale mathematical model that relates cellular metabolism in the organs to whole-body responses during exercise.

Do health service waiting areas contribute to the health literacy of consumers? A scoping review.

Health service waiting areas commonly provide health information, resources and supports for consumers; however, the effect on health literacy and related outcomes remains unclear. This scoping review of the literature aimed to explore the use of waiting areas as a place to contribute to the health literacy and related outcomes of consumers attending health appointments. Articles were included if they focussed on health literacy or health literacy responsiveness (concept) in outpatient or primary care health service waiting areas (context) for adult consumers (population) and were published after 2010.

Experimental hierarchy of two-qubit quantum correlations without state tomography.

A Werner state, which is the singlet Bell state affected by white noise, is a prototype example of states, which can reveal a hierarchy of quantum entanglement, steering, and Bell nonlocality by controlling the amount of noise. However, experimental demonstrations of this hierarchy in a sufficient and necessary way (i.e.

Pure Dephasing of Light-Matter Systems in the Ultrastrong and Deep-Strong Coupling Regimes.

Pure dephasing originates from the nondissipative information exchange between quantum systems and environments, and plays a key role in both spectroscopy and quantum information technology. Often pure dephasing constitutes the main mechanism of decay of quantum correlations. Here we investigate how pure dephasing of one of the components of a hybrid quantum system affects the dephasing rate of the system transitions.

Exercise across the Lung Cancer Care Continuum: An Overview of Systematic Reviews.

Background: Growing evidence supports exercise for people with lung cancer. This overview aimed to summarise exercise intervention efficacy and safety across the care continuum.

Methods: Eight databases (including Cochrane and Medline) were searched (inception-February 2022) for systematic reviews of RCTs/quasi-RCTs.

Methodological and Clinimetric Evaluation of Inspiratory Respiratory Muscle Ultrasound in the Critical Care Setting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: Significant variations exist in the use of respiratory muscle ultrasound in intensive care with no society-level consensus on the optimal methodology. This systematic review aims to evaluate, synthesize, and compare the clinimetric properties of different image acquisition and analysis methodologies.

Data Sources: Systematic search of five databases up to November 24, 2021.

The origin of stability and high Co redox utilization for FePO-coated LiCoTiPO/MWCNT nanocomposites for 5 V class lithium ion batteries.

Highly-dispersed 10 wt% FePO (FP)-coated LiCoTiPO (LCTP) was successfully synthesized within a multiwalled carbon nanotube matrix our original ultracentrifugation process. 10 wt% FP-coated LCTP sample showed a higher discharge capacity of 116 mA h g together with stable cycle performance over 99% of capacity retention at the 100 cycle in high voltage. A combination of TEM, XRD, XPS, and XAFS analyses suggests that (i) Ti-substitution increases the utilization of Co redox (capacity increase) in LCP crystals by suppressing the CoO formation and creating the vacancies in Co sites, and (ii) the FP-coating brought about the Fe enrichment of the surface of LCTP which prevents an irreversible crystal structure change and electrolyte decomposition during cycling, resulting in the stable cycle performance.

Hybrid photon-phonon blockade.

We describe a novel type of blockade in a hybrid mode generated by linear coupling of photonic and phononic modes. We refer to this effect as hybrid photon-phonon blockade and show how it can be generated and detected in a driven nonlinear optomechanical superconducting system. Thus, we study boson-number correlations in the photon, phonon, and hybrid modes in linearly coupled microwave and mechanical resonators with a superconducting qubit inserted in one of them.

Prophylactic Postoperative Noninvasive Ventilation in Adults Undergoing Upper Abdominal Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objectives: Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality following upper abdominal surgery. Applying either noninvasive ventilation (NIV) or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in the early postoperative period is suggested to prevent PPC. We aimed to assess whether postoperative NIV or CPAP or both prevent PPCs compared with standard care in adults undergoing upper abdominal surgery, including in those identified at higher PPC risk.

Exercise in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: a qualitative representation of the patient perspective.

Purpose: Exercise is emerging as a vital aspect of care to alleviate the physical and psychosocial symptom burden associated with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Understanding the patient perspective regarding exercise is important to move towards implementation. This study aimed to characterise experiences and views regarding participation in an exercise program in adults receiving treatment for haematological disease with allogeneic BMT.

Modelling female physiology from head to Toe: Impact of sex hormones, menstrual cycle, and pregnancy.

Men and women exhibit notable differences not only in the reproductive system and reproductive behaviors, but in many other organ and physiological systems as well. Notable examples include; the stress and immune systems, the anatomy of the brain, and the metabolic and cardiovascular functions. Furthermore, female physiology is affected by the menstrual cycle and by pregnancy and lactation.

Effect of a postoperative home-based exercise and self-management programme on physical function in people with lung cancer (CAPACITY): protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Exercise is important in the postoperative management of lung cancer, yet no strong evidence exists for delivery of home-based programmes. Our feasibility (phase I) study established feasibility of a home-based exercise and self-management programme (the programme) delivered postoperatively. This efficacy (phase II) study aims to determine whether the programme, compared with usual care, is effective in improving physical function (primary outcome) in patients after lung cancer surgery.

Feasibility of early-commencing group-based exercise in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: the BOOST study.

Increasing evidence supports that individualised exercise is safe and beneficial for adults treated with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (alloBMT), although this is not part of standard care and no research has investigated group-based interventions. This study aimed to determine safety, feasibility and exploratory effects of a supervised group-based inpatient and subsequent home-based exercise programme in alloBMT. This single-site prospective cohort study included consecutive adults treated with alloBMT for haematological disease.

People With Hematological Malignancies Treated With Bone Marrow Transplantation Have Improved Function, Quality of Life, and Fatigue Following Exercise Intervention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: For people with hematological malignancies treated with bone marrow transplantation (BMT), this systematic review aimed to identify, evaluate, and synthesize the evidence examining the effect of exercise training on the outcomes of exercise capacity, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and hospital length of stay (LOS) and to identify any difference in the effect on people treated with allogeneic versus autologous transplantation.

Methods: Five electronic databases were systematically searched from inception to December 5, 2020. Prospective studies with a comparator group, with or without randomization, were included if they investigated the effects of an exercise intervention compared with usual care or another intervention in adults who had a hematological malignancy and were undergoing BMT.

Modeling the circadian regulation of the immune system: Sexually dimorphic effects of shift work.

The circadian clock exerts significance influence on the immune system and disruption of circadian rhythms has been linked to inflammatory pathologies. Shift workers often experience circadian misalignment as their irregular work schedules disrupt the natural light-dark cycle, which in turn can cause serious health problems associated with alterations in genetic expressions of clock genes. In particular, shift work is associated with impairment in immune function, and those alterations are sex-specific.

Is a COVID-19 Vaccine Likely to Make Things Worse?

In order to limit the disease burden and economic costs associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to understand how effective and widely distributed a vaccine must be in order to have a beneficial impact on public health. To evaluate the potential effect of a vaccine, we developed risk equations for the daily risk of COVID-19 infection both currently and after a vaccine becomes available. Our risk equations account for the basic transmission probability of COVID-19 (β) and the lowered risk due to various protection options: physical distancing; face coverings such as masks, goggles, face shields or other medical equipment; handwashing; and vaccination.

Modelling the daily risk of Ebola in the presence and absence of a potential vaccine.

Ebola virus - one of the deadliest viral diseases, with a mortality rate around 90% - damages the immune system and organs, with symptoms including episodic fever, chills, malaise and myalgia. The Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus-based candidate vaccine (rVSV-ZEBOV) has demonstrated clinical efficacy against Ebola in ring-vaccination clinical trials. In order to evaluate the potential effect of this candidate vaccine, we developed risk equations for the daily risk of Ebola infection both currently and after vaccination.

Functional expression of a highly-reducing polyketide synthase of Emericella variecolor IFM42010, an asteltoxin-producing strain, resulted in production of two polyenoic β-ketolactones with opposite stereochemistry.

The asteltoxin-producing fungus Emericella variecolor IFM42010 possesses 22 highly-reducing polyketide synthase (HR-PKS) genes. Of these, an HR-PKS with a methyltransferase domain but lacking an enoylreductase domain could be involved in the biosynthesis of asteltoxin and related compounds. From six such candidate HR-PKS genes, Ev460pks was analyzed by gene disruption in E.

Improving the delivery of physical activity services in lung cancer: A qualitative representation of the patient's perspective.

Objective: To explore patient experiences of, and preferences for, physical activity after a lung cancer diagnosis.

Methods: This was a qualitative study involving seven patients who had been treated for lung cancer within the previous 2 years. Participants attended a focus group interview.

Combined pulsed laser deposition and non-contact atomic force microscopy system for studies of insulator metal oxide thin films.

We have designed and developed a combined system of pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and non-contact atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM) for observations of insulator metal oxide surfaces. With this system, the long-period iterations of sputtering and annealing used in conventional methods for preparing a metal oxide film surface are not required. The performance of the combined system is demonstrated for the preparation and high-resolution NC-AFM imaging of atomically flat thin films of anatase TiO(001) and LaAlO(100).

A hospital and home-based exercise program to address functional decline in people following allogeneic stem cell transplantation.

Purpose: The aims of this study are to investigate the feasibility of an exercise program commencing 60 days following allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT), to investigate changes in physical function and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients from pre- to post-alloSCT and to explore changes in patient outcomes before and after the program.

Methods: This study is a single site, prospective case series including 43 adults undergoing alloSCT. The intervention was an 8-week outpatient and home-based exercise and education program.