Right internal juglar vein phlebectasia: a diagnostic conundrum.

Phlebectasia of the internal jugular vein (IJV) is an unusual vascular anomaly, particularly in paediatric patients. Here, we present a case of IJV phlebectasia of a girl in her early childhood, highlighting its clinical presentation, diagnostic workup and management. The patient presented with a painless, non-pulsatile neck mass, which was identified as an enlarged IJV on imaging studies.

Emergency retrieval of embolised patent ductus arteriosus device from the right pulmonary artery.

Percutaneous closure of patent ductus arteriosus using a duct occluder has become standard of care in its management especially in children more than 6 months of age, weighing more than 6 kg but device embolisation is a potential life-threatening complication and may require immediate open-heart surgery. We describe a case of successful surgical management of a patient in early childhood, in which device has embolised deep into the right pulmonary artery.

Infracardiac obstructive total anomalous pulmonary venous return with ventricular septal defect: a rare anomaly.

The infracardiac variant of total anomalous pulmonary venous return occurs only rarely and is frequently obstructive in nature, thereby presenting in the early days of life [1]. An atrial septal defect is present in most cases and is necessary for survival, but a ventricular septal defect is extremely rare; only a few cases have been reported. Surgery is the only treatment option but carries a high risk of morbidity and mortality.

Survival of left ventricular rupture post mitral valve replacement.

A fatal and uncommon complication after mitral valve replacement is left ventricular (LV) rupture. We describe a case of a woman in her 40s with rheumatic heart disease and mitral regurgitation who underwent mitral valve replacement on cardiopulmonary bypass and experienced LV rupture but survived this catastrophe.