Methane sources from waste and natural gas sectors detected in Pune, India, by concentration and isotopic analysis.

Methane (CH) is a potent greenhouse gas and also plays a significant role in tropospheric chemistry. High-frequency (sub-hourly) measurements of CH and carbon isotopic ratio (δCH) have been conducted at Pune (18.53°N, 73.

Interannual variability of the frequency of MJO phases and its association with two types of ENSO.

In this study, we reexamine the effect of two types of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) modes on Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) activity in terms of the frequency of MJO phases. Evaluating all-season data, we identify two dominant zonal patterns of MJO frequency exhibiting prominent interannual variability. These patterns are structurally similar to the Wheeler and Hendon (Mon.

Diurnal and seasonal variability of CO and CH concentration in a semi-urban environment of western India.

Amongst all the anthropogenically produced greenhouse gases (GHGs), carbon dioxide (CO) and methane (CH) are the most important, owing to their maximum contribution to the net radiative forcing of the Earth. India is undergoing rapid economic development, where fossil fuel emissions have increased drastically in the last three decades. Apart from the anthropogenic activities, the GHGs dynamics in India are governed by the biospheric process and monsoon circulation; however, these aspects are not well addressed yet.

Exploring the long-term changes in the Madden Julian Oscillation using machine learning.

The Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO), the dominant subseasonal variability in the tropics, is widely represented using the Real-time Multivariate MJO (RMM) index. The index is limited to the satellite era (post-1974) as its calculation relies on satellite-based observations. Oliver and Thompson (J Clim 25:1996-2019, 2012) extended the RMM index for the twentieth century, employing a multilinear regression on the sea level pressure (SLP) from the NOAA twentieth century reanalysis.