Prevalence and determinants of oral health conditions and treatment needs among slum and non-slum urban residents: Evidence from Nigeria.

Oral diseases constitute a neglected epidemic in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). An understanding of its distribution and severity in different settings can aid the planning of preventive and therapeutic services. This study assessed the oral health conditions, risk factors, and treatment needs among adult residents in the slum and compared findings with non-slum urban residents in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Neurocognitive Impairments (NCI) in bipolar disorder: Comparison with schizophrenia and healthy controls.

Background: Neurocognitive impairments (NCI) are common in patients with bipolar I disorder. However, reports about the affected domains, outcomes and magnitude have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to compare the magnitude (severity) and specificity (domains), of (NCI) in euthymic Bipolar I Disorder (BD) patients with a demographically and educationally matched sample of patients with schizophrenia in remission (SC) and healthy controls (HC).

Symptomatic and Functional Recovery From Major Depressive Disorder in the Ibadan Study of Ageing.

Objectives: Very little is known about the association between symptomatic and functional recovery from late-life major depressive disorder (MDD) in sub-Saharan Africa. We investigated factors associated with sustained symptomatic remission (SR) from MDD and the 5-year trajectory of post-MDD physical functioning.

Design: 5-year prospective study with three follow-up waves in 2007, 2008, and 2009.

Awareness of hypertension and its impact on blood pressure control among elderly nigerians: report from the Ibadan study of aging.

Introduction: Hypertension is highly prevalent among the elderly. Its awareness has a direct influence on control through drug adherence. Earlier studies have shown that awareness of hypertension is low among sub-Saharan African populations but only a few studies have looked at the prevalence and awareness of hypertension among the elderly.

Understanding HIV risk behaviors in prison: a qualitative study among recently released inmates.

Purpose: - The purpose of this paper is to explore HIV risk behaviors of inmates during incarceration and gain an in-depth understanding of the context within which these behaviors occur.

Design/methodology/approach: - In total, 47 recently released ex-offenders participated in focus group discussions that explored the contexts surrounding inmate engagement in HIV risk behaviors in prison. Data were analyzed using NVivo 7 and results were organized into themes.

A pilot randomized controlled trial of a stepped care intervention package for depression in primary care in Nigeria.

Background: Depression is common in primary care and is often unrecognized and untreated. Studies are needed to demonstrate the feasibility of implementing evidence-based depression care provided by primary health care workers (PHCWs) in sub-Saharan Africa. We carried out a pilot two-parallel arm cluster randomized controlled trial of a package of care for depression in primary care.

Profile and determinants of successful aging in the Ibadan Study of Ageing.

Objectives: To determine the profile and determinants of successful aging in a developing country characterized by low life expectancy and where successful agers may represent a unique group.

Design: Community-based cohort study.

Setting: Eight contiguous states in the Yoruba-speaking region of Nigeria.

Epidemiology of neurotrauma in Ife-Ijesha zone of Nigeria.

Background And Objective: Trauma remains one of the important causes of severe disability and high mortality. In this study, we looked at the epidemiology of neurotrauma in our region so as to highlight essential factors for trauma prevention program.

Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study of all neurotrauma cases admitted to the neurosurgery service of our hospital over an 18-month period.

Health-related and socio-demographic correlates of physical activity level amongst urban menopausal women in Nigeria.

Objectives: To investigate the physical activity (PA) level of Nigerian women aged 40-60 years and examine possible association between the PA level and some health-related and socio-demographic variables.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 547 women in which a purposive sampling method was used to recruit participants in urban centers of three states from three geopolitical zones in Nigeria. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)-short form, was used to assess PA level.

Male involvement in family planning decision making in Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.

This study assessed men's awareness, attitude, and practice of modern contraceptive methods, determined the level of spousal communication, and investigated the correlates of men's opinion in family planning decision making in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Quantitative methodology was employed in this cross-sectional descriptive design using a structured household questionnaire to collect information from 402 male study participants. A multistage sampling procedure was employed.

Provider-initiated (Opt-out) HIV testing and counselling in a group of university students in Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

Objectives: The Provider Initiated HIV (Opt-out) Testing and Counselling model has rarely been tested in Nigeria. This study assessed its feasibility and uptake among a sample of Nigerian university undergraduate students.

Methods: Two hundred and fifty-two Nigerian university students were offered rapid 'opt-out' HIV tests.

The natural history of insomnia in the Ibadan study of ageing.

Study Objectives: To determine the incidence and risk factors for insomnia among an under-studied population of elderly persons in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Setting: Eight contiguous predominantly Yoruba-speaking states in south-west and north-central Nigeria representing about 22% of the national population.

Participants: 1307 elderly community-dwelling persons, aged 65 years and older.

Incidence of and risk factors for dementia in the Ibadan study of aging.

Objectives: To describe the incidence of dementia in a representative sample of elderly Yoruba Nigerians and provide information about the risk factors.

Design: In-home face-to-face assessments conducted on a community cohort selected using multistage clustered sampling of households, with baseline between November 2003 and August 2004 (n=2,149) and follow-up approximately 39 months later (n=1,408).

Setting: Eight contiguous, predominantly Yoruba-speaking states in Nigeria.

Perception of risk of HIV and sexual risk behaviours among students in the United States, Turkey and South Africa.

The aim of this study was to examine HIV sexual risk behaviours and perception of HIV risk among 1 095 students from the United States of America (US), Turkey and South Africa. Randomly selected students who were enrolled in general education courses completed a structured questionnaire. Results revealed statistically significant differences in specific HIV-related sexual behaviours among students from the three countries and among male and female students in each country.

Evaluation of the content validity, internal consistency and stability of an instrument designed to assess the HIV/AIDS knowledge of university students.

Objective: This study evaluated the content validity, internal consistency and stability of a questionnaire designed to assess the HIV/AIDS knowledge of young adults.

Methods: The questionnaire was administered on two occasions, within two week intervals, to 219 university students in the USA (n=66), Turkey (n=53) and South Africa (n=100). The psychometric instrument contained demographic information questions and 45 knowledge questions regarding the HIV virus, ways of transmitting it, symptoms of HIV/AIDS infection and methods of prevention.

Incidence and risk factors for late-life depression in the Ibadan Study of Ageing.

Background: We present the incidence and risk factors for major depressive disorder (MDD) among community-dwelling elderly Nigerians.

Method: A cohort study of persons aged ≥ 65 years residing in eight contiguous Yoruba-speaking states in south-west and north-central Nigeria was conducted between November 2003 and December 2007. Of the 2149 baseline sample, 1408 (66%) were successfully followed up after approximately 39 months.

Valvular regurgitation impact on left ventricular 2-dimensional and Doppler echocardiographic indices in patients with essential hypertension.

Background: Blacks have both a higher hypertension prevalence and accelerated cardiac end organ damage. Because blacks also have a higher prevalence of valvular heart disease, which occurs at a younger age than for whites, we further examined the contribution of valvular regurgitation to the severity of hypertensive heart disease in Nigerians.

Methods: We evaluated and compared echocardiographic indexes in 75 essential hypertensive Nigerians with (n=48) and without (n=27) valvular regurgitations.

Evaluation of a psychometric instrument designed to assess the HIV risk behaviors of ex-prisoners.

This study determined the readability, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency of a questionnaire designed to assess the HIV risk behaviors of ex-prisoners. The questionnaire was administered twice within a 2-week interval to 119 ex-prisoners. The test-retest agreement for the questionnaire's 25 HIV behavior items ranges from 82% to 100%.

Tinnitus in the elderly: Profile, correlates, and impact in the Nigerian Study of Ageing.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and correlates of tinnitus among community elderly and its impact on their quality of life.

Study Design: Longitudinal cohort.

Setting: Yoruba-speaking communities in Nigeria.

Impact of repeated four-monthly anthelmintic treatment on Plasmodium infection in preschool children: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial.

Background: Helminth infections can alter susceptibility to malaria. Studies need to determine whether or not deworming programs can impact on Plasmodium infections in preschool children.

Methods: A double-blind placebo-controlled randomised trial was conducted to investigate the impact of anthelmintic treatment on Plasmodium infection in children aged 12-59 months.

The prevalence and correlates of self-reported hearing impairment in the Ibadan study of ageing.

This cohort study of 1302 persons aged >or=65 years, conducted in the Yoruba-speaking regions of Nigeria, determines the prevalence and correlates of hearing impairment (HI) in the elderly population. Self-reports of HI and its putative risk factors among several indices were obtained using face-to-face interviews, and confirmed by observer's evaluation. Hearing impairment was found in 79 respondents, giving a prevalence of 6.

New paradigm old thinking: The case for emergency obstetric care in the prevention of maternal mortality in Nigeria.

Background: The continuing burden of maternal mortality, especially in developing countries has prompted a shift in paradigm from the traditional risk assessment approach to the provision of access to emergency obstetric care services for all women who are pregnant. This study assessed the knowledge of maternity unit operatives at the primary and secondary levels of care about the concept of emergency obstetric care (EmOC) and investigated the contents of antenatal care (ANC) counseling services they delivered to clients. It also described the operatives' preferred strategies and practices for promoting safe motherhood and averting maternal mortality in South-west Nigeria.

Plasma glucose level in Nigerian Africans with head injury.

Trauma is often associated with increased plasma glucose concentrations. This prospective study was designed to determine random plasma glucose concentrations in patients with head injury in our center and to determine if this is related to injury severity and outcome. Patients with head injury in whom the plasma glucose concentration could be determined at our accident and emergency unit during the study period were included.