Celiac disease autoimmunity among Nigerian children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Celiac disease (CD) affects the small intestine and can hinder nutrient absorption. It is found worldwide and common in certain groups of people including individuals with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). However, the prevalence of CD in the West African region is not documented.

Psychosocial dysfunction and delayed sexual development among adolescents living with HIV in Lagos, Nigeria.

Unlabelled: With increasing survival following the use of antiretroviral therapy, adolescents living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (ALHIV) could have complications such as delayed puberty and psychological complications. In Nigeria, there is limited data on the association between delayed sexual maturation and psychosocial dysfunction in ALHIV. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and the association between delayed sexual development (DSD) and psychosocial dysfunction (PSD) in ALHIV and compare it with uninfected adolescents.

An Atypical Presentation of Childhood Paraganglioma with Seizures: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Introduction: A paraganglioma (PGL) is a tumour derived from extra-adrenal chromaffin cells of the sympathetic paravertebral ganglia of the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis. Cardiovascular manifestations predominate but neurological symptoms like seizures can occur requiring a high index of suspicion for prompt diagnosis and treatment. .

Children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Nigeria: clinical characteristics and compliance with care.

Objectives: The prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is increasing in most developed and developing countries. This study described the clinical characteristics and compliance with care among Nigerian children and adolescents with T1DM.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive multi-center study of children seen at the paediatric endocrinology clinic of seven selected tertiary health facilities in Nigeria.

Correlates of fasting blood glucose among children living with hiv in a Nigerian tertiary hospital: a cross-sectional study.

Background: There is growing concern as regards the emergence of metabolic disorders among children living with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) worldwide. However, there is paucity of data on the correlates of metabolic indices among HIV-positive children in Africa.

Methods: This study examined 84 HIV-positive children on HAART recruited from the paediatric infectious diseases clinic of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital for blood glucose levels using finger-prick testing with an Accu-check glucose meter and test strips.

A National Survey of Resources to Address Sepsis in Children in Tertiary Care Centers in Nigeria.

Infections leading to sepsis are major contributors to mortality and morbidity in children world-wide. Determining the capacity of pediatric hospitals in Nigeria to manage sepsis establishes an important baseline for quality-improvement interventions and resource allocations. To assess the availability and functionality of resources and manpower for early detection and prompt management of sepsis in children at tertiary pediatric centers in Nigeria.

Age of pubertal events among school girls in Lagos, Nigeria.

Background: Globally, there is a secular trend towards the reduced age for sexual maturity and menarche. This study aimed to determine the current age and factors associated with attainment of various stages of puberty in Nigerian girls.

Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study involving 800 girls aged 6-15 years.

Pattern of Thyroid Disorders in Children and Adolescents Seen at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, Over a 10-year Period.

Introduction: Thyroid disorders account for a large proportion of pediatric endocrine disorders. Untreated hypothyroidism in childhood has permanent adverse effects on physical, intellectual, and neurological development. However, few studies have reported the pattern of pediatric thyroid disorders in Nigeria.

Hyperglycemia in Acutely Ill Non-diabetic Children in the Emergency Rooms of 2 Tertiary Hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria.

Objectives: The study aimed to determine the prevalence of hyperglycemia in sick children admitted into the emergency rooms and to investigate its relationship with adverse outcomes.

Methods: A prospective study involving 2 tertiary hospitals in Lagos. Study subjects included all children aged beyond 1 month.

Global Consensus Recommendations on Prevention and Management of Nutritional Rickets.

Background: Vitamin D and calcium deficiencies are common worldwide, causing nutritional rickets and osteomalacia, which have a major impact on health, growth, and development of infants, children, and adolescents; the consequences can be lethal or can last into adulthood. The goals of this evidence-based consensus document are to provide health care professionals with guidance for prevention, diagnosis, and management of nutritional rickets and to provide policy makers with a framework to work toward its eradication.

Evidence: A systematic literature search examining the definition, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nutritional rickets in children was conducted.

Global Consensus Recommendations on Prevention and Management of Nutritional Rickets.

Background: Vitamin D and calcium deficiencies are common worldwide, causing nutritional rickets and osteomalacia, which have a major impact on health, growth, and development of infants, children, and adolescents; the consequences can be lethal or can last into adulthood. The goals of this evidence-based consensus document are to provide health care professionals with guidance for prevention, diagnosis, and management of nutritional rickets and to provide policy makers with a framework to work toward its eradication.

Evidence: A systematic literature search examining the definition, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nutritional rickets in children was conducted.

Normative Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Values for Healthy Nigerian Newborns.

Background: Congenital hypothyroidism is a common congenital endocrine disorder prevailing all over the world. No nationwide screening exists for any sub-Saharan country. We present normative cord and capillary thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) values for healthy Nigerian newborns.

Prevalence of diabetes mellitus among children and adolescents in the district of Abidjan in Cote d'Ivoire: a population-based study.

Background: World Health Organization has predicted a worldwide rise in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus. Cote d'Ivoire is not exempted as evidenced by such factors as obesity and sedentary life style amongst others. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) among children and adolescents in the district of Abidjan in Cote d'Ivoire.

Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) stimulation test and testosterone response in children with micropenis.

Background: Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) stimulation test is a reliable dynamic test for the evaluation of testicular function during childhood. A single dose of HCG injection at dose of 100 iu/kg is able to produce a progressive but modest rise in testosterone level for 72 to 120 hours in presence of a viable testicular Leydig cells.

Objective: To describe pattern of testicular response to HCG stimulation in prepubertal children with micropenis seen at a paediatric endocrinology training centre.

Iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome in children following nasal steroid.

Unlabelled: Cushing syndrome is a hormonal disorder caused by prolonged exposure of body tissue to cortisol. We report two cases of iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome in two Nigerian children following intranasal administration of aristobed-N (Betamethasone + Neomycin) given at a private hospital where the children presented with feature of adenoidal hypertrophy. Two months into treatment children were noticed to have developed clinical and laboratory features of iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome with critical adrenal suppression.

Situational analysis and expert evaluation of the nutrition and health status of infants and young children in five countries in sub-Saharan Africa.

Background: The poor feeding practices of pregnant women, infants, and young children contribute to the burden of malnutrition and subsequently to childhood morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Gaining insight into the nutritional and health status of infants and young children will help to focus future nutrition programs and actions.

Objective: To assess the nutrition and health status of infants and young children in five sub-Saharan African countries: Ivory Coast, Senegal, Cameroon, Kenya, and Nigeria.

Promoting excellence in the care of pediatric endocrine diseases in the developing world.

On behalf of the Global Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes group, the authors provide a perspective on the rights of a child as enshrined in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) concerning the care of pediatric endocrine disorders and diabetes mellitus, throughout the world, with particular reference to care in resource-constrained settings. In this article, we define the spectrum of health care needs of the child with an endocrine disorder and how they may be addressed, in terms of education, research, and development of sustainable programs for improved health outcomes. We emphasize the responsibilities of medical communities, the pharmaceutical industry, and relevant governments in promoting and supporting such concepts.

Obesity and elevated blood pressure among adolescents in Lagos, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Childhood obesity and associated hypertension are major public health concerns globally. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity and the associated risk of high blood pressure among Nigerian adolescents.

Methods: A cross-sectional school-based study of 885 apparently healthy adolescents was performed.

Relationship between rickets and incomplete distal renal tubular acidosis in children.

Background: In the Sub Saharan Africa Rickets has now been established to be due primarily to calcium deficiency and sometimes in combination with vitamin D deficiency. The main thrust of management is calcium supplementation with or without vitamin D. An observation was made that some children with nutritional rickets do not respond to this management modality.