Monthly transthoracic echocardiography in young adults for 6 months following SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can elicit acute and long-term effects on the myocardium among survivors, yet effects among otherwise healthy young adults remains unclear. Young adults with mild symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 (8M/8F, age: 21 ± 1 years, BMI: 23.5 ± 3.

Posture-related changes in sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity during normal pregnancy.

Normal pregnancy is associated with vast adjustments in cardiovascular autonomic control. Sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity has been reported to be attenuated during pregnancy in animal models, but most studies in humans are cross-sectional and findings from longitudinal case studies are inconclusive. It remains unclear how sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity is altered longitudinally during pregnancy within an individual in different body postures.

Six-month longitudinal tracking of arterial stiffness and blood pressure in young adults following SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can increase arterial stiffness 3-4 wk following infection, even among young, healthy adults. However, the long-term impacts of SARS-CoV-2 infection on cardiovascular health and the duration of recovery remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to elucidate potential long-lasting effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on markers of arterial stiffness among young adults during the 6 mo following infection.

Altered central and peripheral haemodynamics during rhythmic handgrip exercise in young adults with SARS-CoV-2.

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? Are central and peripheral haemodynamics during handgrip exercise different in young adults 3-4 weeks following infection with of SARS-CoV-2 compared with young healthy adults. What is the main finding and its importance? Exercising heart rate was higher while brachial artery blood flow and vascular conductance were lower in the SARS-CoV-2 compared with the control group. These findings provide evidence for peripheral impairments to exercise among adults with SARS-CoV-2, which may contribute to exercise limitations.

Impact of high-salt versus low-salt intake on the response of sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity to orthostasis in women with a history of normal pregnancy.

Previous studies have demonstrated that sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) increases during orthostatic stress in humans. We recently showed that dietary salt intake affects sympathetic neural control in healthy premenopausal women. This study aimed to determine whether salt loading versus salt reduction would impact sympathetic BRS during orthostasis in premenopausal women with a history of normal pregnancy.

Exercise Behaviors and Beliefs Among Pregnant Women in Rural Communities.

Unlabelled: Exercise during pregnancy is safe and beneficial; however, most pregnant women do not meet evidence-based exercise recommendations. Further, data on pregnant women's physical activity are largely limited to women living in urban environments.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine beliefs and behaviors regarding exercise during pregnancy in pregnant and postpartum women living in rural communities.

COVID-19 is getting on our nerves: sympathetic neural activity and haemodynamics in young adults recovering from SARS-CoV-2.

Key Points: The impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on autonomic and cardiovascular function in otherwise healthy individuals is unknown. For the first time it is shown that young adults recovering from SARS-CoV-2 have elevated resting sympathetic activity, but similar heart rate and blood pressure, compared with control subjects. Survivors of SARS-CoV-2 also exhibit similar sympathetic nerve activity and haemodynamics, but decreased pain perception, during a cold pressor test compared with healthy controls.

Carotid stiffness, intima-media thickness and aortic augmentation index among adults with SARS-CoV-2.

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? We sought to investigate whether carotid stiffness, carotid intima-media thickness and the aortic augmentation index are altered in young adults 3-4 weeks after contraction of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) compared with young healthy adults. What is the main finding and its importance? We found that carotid stiffness, Young's modulus and the aortic augmentation index were greater in young adults who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 compared with healthy young adults. These findings provide additional evidence for detrimental effects of SARS-CoV-2 on young adult vasculature, which might have implications for cardiovascular health.

Effects of salt intake on sympathetic neural and pressor responses to cold pressor test in premenopausal women with a history of normal pregnancy.

Excessive salt intake is considered a risk factor for the development of hypertension. Additionally, aberrant neurocirculatory responses to a cold stimulus are associated with an increased risk of hypertension. This study aimed to determine whether salt loading versus salt reduction would impact hemodynamic and sympathetic neural responses during the cold pressor test (CPT) in premenopausal women with a history of normal pregnancy.

Vascular alterations among young adults with SARS-CoV-2.

While SARS-CoV-2 primarily affects the lungs, the virus may be inflicting detriments to the cardiovascular system, both directly through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor and initiating systemic inflammation. Persistent systemic inflammation may be provoking vascular dysfunction, an early indication of cardiovascular disease risk. To establish the potential effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the systemic vasculature in the arms and legs, we performed a cross-sectional analysis of young healthy adults (control: 5 M/15 F, 23.

Attentional focus does not impact locomotor-respiratory coupling in trained runners.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore relationships between attentional strategies and LRC, running economy, perceived exertion, and dyspnea.

Methods: 25 endurance-trained males ([Formula: see text]Omax = 68.2 ± 4.

Early sympathetic neural responses during a cold pressor test linked to pain perception.

Purpose: There is considerable interindividual variability in the perception of pain. Given that pain management is a major public health problem, gaining insight into the underlying physiology of these perceptual differences is important. We tested the hypothesis that when interindividual variability in initial muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) responses to a cold pressor test (CPT) is identified, the divergent responses will be linked to differences in pain perception in healthy young men and women.

Locomotor-respiratory coupling is maintained in simulated moderate altitude in trained distance runners.

To determine whether acute exposure to simulated moderate altitude alters locomotor-respiratory coupling (LRC) patterns in runners, 13 trained male distance runners performed a running economy and maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o) test in normoxia (NORM) and hypoxia (HYP) ([Formula: see text]= 15.8%; ~2,400 m/8,000 ft) on separate days. Running economy (RE), the degree of LRC, stride frequency-to-breathing frequency quotients (SF/f), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), and dyspnea were assessed at three common submaximal speeds and V̇o.

Synchronizing Gait with Cardiac Cycle Phase Alters Heart Rate Response during Running.

Unlabelled: Timing foot strike to occur in synchrony with cardiac diastole may reduce left ventricular afterload and promote coronary and skeletal muscle perfusion.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess heart rate (HR) and metabolic responses to running when foot strikes are timed to occur exclusively during 1) the systolic phase of the cardiac cycle or 2) the diastolic phase.

Methods: Ten elite male distance runners performed a testing session on a treadmill at 4.

Integrative Blood Pressure Response to Upright Tilt Post Renal Denervation.

Background: Whether renal denervation (RDN) in patients with resistant hypertension normalizes blood pressure (BP) regulation in response to routine cardiovascular stimuli such as upright posture is unknown. We conducted an integrative study of BP regulation in patients with resistant hypertension who had received RDN to characterize autonomic circulatory control.

Methods: Twelve patients (60 ± 9 [SD] years, n = 10 males) who participated in the Symplicity HTN-3 trial were studied and compared to 2 age-matched normotensive (Norm) and hypertensive (unmedicated, HTN) control groups.

Sympathetic neural and cardiovascular responses during static handgrip exercise in women with a history of hypertensive pregnancy.

Purpose: Women with a history of hypertensive pregnancy are at greater risk for future cardiovascular events; however, the mechanisms for this increased risk are unknown. Evidence suggests that an exercise stimulus unmasks latent hypertensive tendencies, identifying individuals at the greatest risk for developing cardiovascular disease. The current study examined the hypothesis that women with a hypertensive pregnancy history exhibit an augmented exercise pressor response.

No Change in Running Mechanics With Live High-Train Low Altitude Training in Elite Distance Runners.

Unlabelled: Investigations into ventilatory, metabolic, and hematological changes with altitude training have been completed; however, there is a lack of research exploring potential gait-kinematic changes after altitude training, despite a common complaint of athletes being a lack of leg "turnover" on return from altitude training.

Purpose: To determine if select kinematic variables changed in a group of elite distance runners after 4 wk of altitude training.

Methods: Six elite male distance runners completed a 28-d altitude-training intervention in Flagstaff, AZ (2150 m), following a modified "live high-train low" model, wherein higherintensity runs were performed at lower altitudes (945-1150 m) and low-intensity sessions were completed at higher altitudes (1950-2850 m).

Runners maintain locomotor-respiratory coupling following isocapnic voluntary hyperpnea to task failure.

Introduction: Evidence has long suggested that mammalian ventilatory and locomotor rhythms are linked, yet determinants and implications of locomotor-respiratory coupling (LRC) continue to be investigated. Anecdotally, respiratory muscle fatigue seen at the end of heavy exercise may result in an uncoupling of movement-ventilation rhythms; however, there is no scientific evidence to substantiate this claim.

Purpose: We sought to determine whether or not fatigue of the respiratory muscles alters locomotor-respiratory coupling patterns typically observed in highly trained individuals while running.

Menstrual cycle phase does not affect sympathetic neural activity in women with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome.

Key Points: Women with the postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) report fluctuations in orthostatic tolerance throughout the menstrual cycle. The mechanism(s) underlying blood pressure control across the menstrual cycle in women with POTS are unknown. The findings of the present study indicate that the menstrual cycle does not affect muscle sympathetic nerve activity but modulates blood pressure and vasoconstriction in POTS women during orthostatic stress.