As a first line of host defense, macrophages must be able to effectively sense and respond to diverse types of pathogens, and while a particular type of immune response may be beneficial in some circumstances, it can be detrimental in others. Upon infecting a macrophage, () induces proinflammatory cytokines that activate antibacterial responses. Surprisingly, also triggers antiviral responses that actually hinder the ability of macrophages to control infection.
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