Publications by authors named "Abigail Johnson"

Article Synopsis
  • Intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in various diseases, and understanding diet's impact on it is essential for developing targeted therapies.
  • A study analyzing meals and stool samples from 173 hospitalized patients found that higher caloric intake is linked to greater fecal microbiota diversity.
  • The research indicates that consuming sweets or sugars while on antibiotics may disrupt the microbiome, suggesting that reducing sugar intake during such treatment could help protect gut health.
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  • The study aimed to explore how different dietary patterns are linked to the types of bacteria found below the gumline in participants with varying probing depths.
  • Researchers analyzed data from 651 participants, using dietary assessments and subgingival plaque samples to measure various microbial diversity metrics and taxa ratios.
  • Results showed that higher scores on dietary quality indices (AHEI and APDQS) were associated with lower microbial diversity and certain taxa ratios, indicating that nutritious diets might reduce harmful bacteria in the mouth.
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Background: Consumption of plant-based milk alternatives is increasing. Current dietary guidance primarily relies on dairy milk as a source of key nutrients of public health concern including calcium and vitamin D.

Objective: To compare the nutritional content of plant-based milk alternatives between categories (eg, soy, almond, and oat) and with dairy milk.

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Background: There are few resources available for researchers aiming to conduct 24-h dietary record and recall analysis using R.

Objectives: We aimed to develop DietDiveR, which is a toolkit of functions written in R for the analysis of recall or record data collected with the Automated Self-Administered 24-h Dietary Assessment Tool or 2-d 24-h dietary recall data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The R functions are intended for food and nutrition researchers who are not computational experts.

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Mass casualty incidents (MCIs) are on the rise in the USA, and hemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable death in trauma. The need for rapid access to life-saving blood and blood products is essential for preventing death due to hemorrhage. It is well established that most major cities in the USA are underprepared to meet blood transfusion requirements in the event of an MCI.

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Host diet and gut microbiota interact to contribute to perioperative complications, including anastomotic leak (AL). Using a murine surgical model of colonic anastomosis, we investigated how diet and fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) impacted the intestinal microbiota and if a predictive signature for AL could be determined. We hypothesized that a Western diet (WD) would impact gut microbial composition and that the resulting dysbiosis would correlate with increased rates of AL, while FMT from healthy, lean diet (LD) donors would reduce the risk of AL.

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  • Methane clathrates found on continental margins are the largest hydrocarbon reserves, but the influence of biomolecules on their formation and stability is not well understood.
  • Researchers have identified bacterial proteins called methane clathrate-binding proteins (CbpAs) that inhibit clathrate growth more effectively than common inhibitors and have a unique selectivity for clathrates over ice.
  • CbpAs have a distinct structure that allows them to bind to methane clathrates through a specific interaction, suggesting that bacteria from ocean sediments play a significant role in maintaining clathrate stability.
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Immunotherapy is an innovative approach to cancer treatment that involves using the body's immune system to fight cancer. The landscape of immunotherapy is constantly evolving, as new therapies are developed and refined. Some of the most promising approaches in immunotherapy include immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs): these drugs target proteins on the surface of T-cells that inhibit their ability to attack cancer cells.

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Introduction: Studies have shown that women are often underinformed about potential benefits and risks of vaginal birth. This is in contrast to other modes of birth, such as caesarean birth, for which the risks/benefits are often conveyed prior to undergoing the procedure. A core information set (CIS) is an agreed set of information points that should be discussed with all patients prior to undergoing a procedure or intervention.

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  • The development of probiotics for production animals has traditionally focused on selecting strains based on observable traits, but recent studies suggest that using host-specific strains may yield better results.
  • Research on Lactobacillus johnsonii in poultry shows a strong link between the bacteria's evolutionary relationship with its animal host and its effectiveness, with naturally isolated strains from chickens and turkeys displaying significant phenotypic variations.
  • In trials, turkey-specific L. johnsonii strains improved early growth in turkey poults, while chicken-specific strains enhanced overall performance in broiler chickens, highlighting the importance of host adaptation in selecting probiotic candidates.
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The industrialisation of Western food systems has reduced the regular consumption of lacto-fermented vegetables (LFV). Consuming LFV may exert health benefits through the alteration of the gut microbiome, but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. To start understanding the possible benefits of LFV, we compared faecal microbial diversity and composition, as well as dietary habits between individuals who regularly consume LFV ( = 23) and those who do not ( = 24).

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Purpose: This study assessed concussion knowledge in concussed youth and parents treated at a multi-disciplinary concussion center.

Methods: Youth (n = 50) and parents (n = 36) were approached at the beginning of a clinical visit. Participants completed a 22-item, previously published concussion knowledge survey before the visit.

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Objective: We describe the clinical implementation in North America of Teen Online Problem Solving (TOPS), a 10+ session, evidence-based telehealth intervention providing training in problem-solving, emotion regulation, and communication skills.

Methods: Twelve children's hospitals and three rehabilitation hospitals participated, agreeing to train a minimum of five therapists to deliver the program and to enroll two patients with traumatic brain injuries (TBI) per month. Barriers to reach and adoption were addressed during monthly calls, resulting in expansion of the program to other neurological conditions and extending training to speech therapists.

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The genetic and molecular basis of flagellar motility has been investigated for several decades, with innovative research strategies propelling advances at a steady pace. Furthermore, as the phenomenon is examined in diverse bacteria, new taxon-specific regulatory and structural features are being elucidated. Motility is also a straightforward bacterial phenotype that can allow undergraduate researchers to explore the palette of molecular genetic tools available to microbiologists.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates the composition and function of gut bacteria (microbiomes) and fungi (mycobiomes) in early life, exploring their roles in long-term health issues like asthma and obesity.
  • Researchers collected breastmilk and fecal samples from healthy breastfeeding dyads to analyze the microbial communities, finding that breastmilk and feces had distinct but overlapping microbiomes.
  • The study found that factors such as antibiotic exposure and birth mode influenced the variation in these microbial communities, with older infants showing more congruence and interkingdom connectedness between bacterial and fungal taxa.
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Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are an exciting advancement in cancer immunotherapy, with striking success in hematological cancers. However, in solid tumors, the unique immunosuppressive elements of the tumor microenvironment (TME) contribute to the failure of CAR T cells. This review discusses the cell populations, cytokine/chemokine profile, and metabolic immunosuppressive elements of the TME.

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Management of personal leaves represents an important component of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiatives. This study aims to understand the ways in which both training directors and fellows in neuropsychology training programs understand, perceive, communicate about, and plan for personal leaves during fellowship training. We also aim to provide empirically based recommendations for training directors communicating with fellows about personal leaves.

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Professional challenges have been documented in broad surveys of neuropsychologists. While previous surveyors have included pediatric neuropsychologists, few, if any, have specifically examined practices among those who primarily work in pediatric inpatient rehabilitation settings. Therefore, the aim of this study was to survey neuropsychologists in this setting.

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Article Synopsis
  • Human metabolomics studies typically identify only about 10% of the molecular features present in samples.
  • The authors propose a new method that uses reference data to match metabolomics tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data against annotated source data, effectively creating a pseudo-MS/MS library.
  • This new approach significantly improves the usage of MS/MS spectra by 5.1 times compared to traditional methods, enabling better analysis of dietary patterns from untargeted metabolomic data.
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Dietary patterns contribute to cancer risk. Separately, microbial factors influence the development of several cancers. However, the interaction of diet and the microbiome and their joint contribution to cancer treatment response needs more research.

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The human gut microbiome is linked to metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk. Dietary modulation of the human gut microbiome offers an attractive pathway to manipulate the microbiome to prevent microbiome-related disease. However, this promise has not been realized.

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Background: Estimated food records (EFR) are a common dietary assessment method. This investigation aimed to; (1) define the reporting quality of the EFR, (2) characterise acute dietary intake and eating behaviours, (3) describe diet heritability.

Methods: A total of 1974 one-day EFR were collected from 1858 participants in the TwinsUK cohort between 2012 and 2017.

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