Letter to the Editor.

Purpose: The new "Congress of Neurological Surgeons Systematic Review and Evidence-Based Guidelines Update on the Role of Neuropathology in the Management of Progressive Glioblastoma in Adults" was recently published in this journal. This was published using the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System terminology. The wording for the new update on the role of neuropathology for progressive glioblastoma now warrants being updated to the new WHO 2021 classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System to bring it into line with current parlance.

Congress of neurological surgeons systematic review and evidence-based guidelines update on the role of neuropathology in the management of progressive glioblastoma in adults.

Target Population: These recommendations apply to adult patients with progressive or recurrent glioblastoma (GBM).

Question: For adult patients with progressive glioblastoma does testing for Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 or 2 mutations provide new additional management or prognostic information beyond that derived from the tumor at initial presentation?

Recommendation: Level III: Repeat IDH mutation testing is not necessary if the tumor is histologically similar to the primary tumor and the patient's clinical course is as expected.

Question: For adult patients with progressive glioblastoma does repeat testing for MGMT promoter methylation provide new or additional management or prognostic information beyond that derived from the tumor at initial presentation and what methods of detection are optimal?

Recommendation: Level III: Repeat MGMT promoter methylation is not recommended.

Congress of Neurological Surgeons Systematic Review and Evidence-Based Guidelines on the Management of Progressive Glioblastoma in Adults: Update of the 2014 Guidelines.

Background: The Institute of Medicine best practice recommendation to review guidelines every 5 years is followed by the Congress of Neurological Surgeons Guidelines Committee. The aim of this work was to provide an updated literature review and evidence-based recommendations on the topic of diagnosis and treatment of patients with progressive glioblastoma (pGBM).

Objective: To review the literature published since the last guidelines on pGBM dated 2014, with literature search ending in June 2012.

Co-Occurrence Conundrum: Brain Metastases from Lung Adenocarcinoma, Radiation Necrosis, and Gliosarcoma.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) commonly presents with metastasis to the brain. When brain metastases are treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), longitudinal imaging to monitor treatment response may identify radiation necrosis, metastasis progression, and/or another primary brain malignancy. A 60-year-old female with metastatic NSCLC involving the brain underwent treatment with systemic therapy and SRS.

Metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma to the brain and spinal cord: a contemporary clinicopathologic analysis of 30 cases.

Metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma (PCa) to lymph nodes and bone is well documented in the literature, however only case reports and small series of metastatic PCa to the brain and spinal cord with clinicopathologic analysis have been published. We identified 30 cases of metastatic PCa to the brain and spinal cord. The mean patient age was 67 years (range: 50 to 87 years).

Neuromyelitis Optica Presenting as Infectious Meningoencephalitis: Case Report and Literature Review.

In this patient-focused review, we present a 34-year-old previously healthy man admitted for fever and headache two weeks after a motor vehicle accident. On admission, his workup was concerning for meningoencephalitis based on elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) white blood cell count and elevated CSF protein. He was admitted for management of meningoencephalitis.

Retrospective Analyses Associate Hemostasis Activation Biomarkers With Poor Outcomes in Patients With COVID-19.

Objectives: Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have thromboembolic complications. Assessment of coagulation and other markers could be useful to understand their coagulopathy.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study of inflammatory and coagulation parameters, including prothrombin fragment 1.

Acinar cell induced autolysis is a frequent occurrence in CytoLyt-fixed pancreatic fine needle aspiration specimens: An analysis of 157 cytology samples.

Background: Although 10% formalin is a standard preservative in pancreatic FNAs, the effect of CytoLyt on pancreatic tissue preservation has not been systematically explored.

Methods: Smears and cell blocks from CytoLyt-fixed (CF-CBs) and formalin-fixed (FF-CBs) pancreatic FNAs were blindly reviewed without knowledge of the fixative used, and the presence of tissue/tumor autolysis was noted. Controls included FF-CBs from pancreatic FNAs, CF-CBs from nonpancreatic FNAs, and 4 pancreatic FNAs with matched CF-CBs and FF-CBs.

Development of iron deficiency anemia in patients undergoing extracorporeal photopheresis: Comparison of the UVAR and CELLEX instruments.

Introduction: Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is a procedure used to influence T-cell activity in patients suffering from immune-mediated cellular damage secondary to activated lymphocytes. Although well-tolerated, iron deficiency anemia (IDA) has been described. The goal herein is to describe IDA in patients who received extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) treatment using UVAR (Therakos Inc) and CELLEX (Therakos Inc) instruments.

Intracranial thrombosed anastomosing hemangioma: Case report.

An anastomosing hemangioma is a relatively new diagnosis of a benign vascular lesion that is typically found in the genitourinary tract. On imaging, anastomosing hemangiomas have a broad differential diagnosis and can resemble malignant lesions such as angiosarcoma. Here we present a case of a 33-year-old male with seizures who on imaging was found to have a presumed recurrent intracranial meningioma.

Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma to the Brain: A Contemporary Clinicopathologic Analysis With Comparison of Immunohistochemical Profiles to Selected Primary Brain Tumors With Clear Cell Features.

Brain metastases from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. However, there are only few large series in the pathology literature specifically analyzing the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features in comparison with primary brain tumors with clear cell features. We identified 34 cases of metastatic RCC to the brain from the Urologic Pathology and Neuropathology files of 2 institutions between 2000 and 2018.

Stability of anti-A blood group titers among blood group B renal transplant candidates.

Background: As deceased donor kidney allocation is based in part on blood type compatibility, group B candidates are disadvantaged due to their disproportionate representation on the wait list compared to the group B donor pool. To mitigate this discrepancy, group B candidates can receive group A or A B donor kidneys if their anti-A titers are below a predetermined cutoff. Currently, eligibility is reverified quarterly to UNet based on individual center protocols, which can vary due to a lack of set guidelines for monitoring ABO titers in these patients.

(F)Utility of the physical crossmatch for living donor evaluations in the age of the virtual crossmatch.

Flow cytometric crossmatches (FCXM) are routinely performed to support living-donor renal transplantation. While long a laboratory mainstay, a physical crossmatch is costly, time consuming, and frequently poses interpretative conundrums with both false-positive and false- negative results. Given the increased utilization of the virtual crossmatch (vXM) in the deceased donor setting, our aim was to assess its utility in living donor evaluations.

Two cases of fungal keratitis caused by .

We present two cases of keratitis due to Metarhizium anisopliae in geographically separated areas of the United States. The isolates were microscopically similar but morphologically different and were identified by ribosomal DNA sequencing. Both isolates had low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values to caspofungin and micafungin, but high MIC values to amphotericin B.

Hydrological-niche models predict water plant functional group distributions in diverse wetland types.

Human use of water resources threatens environmental water supplies. If resource managers are to develop policies that avoid unacceptable ecological impacts, some means to predict ecosystem response to changes in water availability is necessary. This is difficult to achieve at spatial scales relevant for water resource management because of the high natural variability in ecosystem hydrology and ecology.

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression in micropapillary urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: an analysis of 27 cases.

The significance of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression in breast cancer is well established. However, only a few large studies have analyzed HER2 expression in invasive high-grade urothelial carcinoma (UCA). In this study, we sought to analyze the expression of HER2 in a large cohort of micropapillary UCA.