Regional associations of white matter integrity and neurological, post-traumatic stress disorder and autonomic symptoms in Veterans with and without history of loss of consciousness in mild TBI.

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) share overlapping symptom presentations and are highly comorbid conditions among Veteran populations. Despite elevated presentations of PTSD after mTBI, mechanisms linking the two are unclear, although both have been associated with alterations in white matter and disruptions in autonomic regulation. The present study aimed to determine if there is regional variability in white matter correlates of symptom severity and autonomic functioning in a mixed sample of Veterans with and without PTSD and/or mTBI ( = 77).

The impact of technology-based compensatory behaviors on subjective cognitive decline in older adults with a family history of dementia.

The current study examined whether greater use of technology to help with daily tasks is associated with less subjective cognitive decline (SCD), especially in individuals with a family history of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Individuals over the age of 50 ( = 102; age range 50-85) completed surveys about their digital and analog approaches to daily tasks, physical activity, and SCD. Participants with and without family histories of AD were matched on age, education, sex, and family history of AD using the R package .

Feasibility and Validity of the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised for Accelerated Standardized Testing: A Practical Assessment Tool for Detecting Consciousness in the Intensive Care Unit.

We developed and validated an abbreviated version of the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R), the CRS-R For Accelerated Standardized Testing (CRSR-FAST), to detect conscious awareness in patients with severe traumatic brain injury in the intensive care unit. In 45 consecutively enrolled patients, CRSR-FAST administration time was approximately one-third of the full-length CRS-R (mean [SD] 6.5 [3.

Psychometric properties of the Autonomic Symptoms Checklist in the Lewy body disease module of the uniform dataset.

Introduction: Autonomic dysfunction is an important feature of Lewy Body Dementia (DLB), but measurement of autonomic symptoms has been limited in both previous research and clinical practice. Accurate measurement of autonomic dysfunction has the potential to improve our understanding of the course and progression of DLB, given that autonomic symptoms typically precede cognitive impairment and are associated with functional impairment. The primary aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the two versions (3.

Central Executive Network and Executive Function in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease and Healthy Individuals: Meta-Analysis of Structural and Functional MRI.

Objective: The neural architecture of executive function is of interest given its utility as a transdiagnostic predictor of adaptive functioning. However, a gap exists in the meta-analytic literature assessing this relationship in neuropsychiatric populations, concordance between structural and functional architecture, and the relationship with neuropsychological assessment of executive function. Given the importance of the central executive network (CEN) in Alzheimer's disease, this population may be useful in understanding this relationship in Alzheimer's disease pathology.

The central executive network and executive function in healthy and persons with schizophrenia groups: a meta-analysis of structural and functional MRI.

This meta-analysis evaluated the extent to which executive function can be understood with structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Studies included structural in schizophrenia (k = 8; n = 241) and healthy controls (k = 12; n = 1660), and functional in schizophrenia (k = 4; n = 104) and healthy controls (k = 12; n = 712). Results revealed a positive association in the brain behavior relationship when pooled across schizophrenia and control samples for structural (pr = 0.

Snowball ICA: A Model Order Free Independent Component Analysis Strategy for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data.

In independent component analysis (ICA), the selection of model order (i.e., number of components to be extracted) has crucial effects on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) brain network analysis.

White matter connectometry among individuals with self-reported family history of drug and alcohol use disorders.

Heredity is an important risk factor for alcoholism. Several studies have been conducted on small groups of alcohol naïve adolescents which show lowered fractional anisotropy of frontal white matter in individuals with a family history of alcohol and substance use disorder (FH+). We compare large adult FH+ and FH- groups using white matter connectometry, different from the previously used global tractography method, as it is more sensitive to regional variability.

Components of executive function model regional prefrontal volumes.

Objective: Designed to measure a diversity of executive functioning (EF) through classical neuropsychological tests, the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function Scale (D-KEFS) allows for the investigation of the neural architecture of EF. We examined how the D-KEFS Tower, Verbal Fluency, Design Fluency, Color-Word Interference, and Trail Making Test tasks related to frontal lobe volumes, quantifying the regional specificity of EF components.

Method: Adults from the Nathan Kline Institute-Rockland Sample (NKI-RS), an open-access community study of brain development, with complete MRI (3T scanner) and D-KEFS data were selected for analysis (N = 478; ages 20-85).

Tensor clustering on outer-product of coefficient and component matrices of independent component analysis for reliable functional magnetic resonance imaging data decomposition.

Background: Stability of spatial components is frequently used as a post-hoc selection criteria for choosing the dimensionality of an independent component analysis (ICA) of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. Although the stability of the ICA temporal courses differs from that of spatial components, temporal stability has not been considered during dimensionality decisions.

New Method: The current study aims to (1) develop an algorithm to incorporate temporal course stability into dimensionality selection and (2) test the impact of temporal course on the stability of the ICA decomposition of fMRI data via tensor clustering.

Identifying errors in Freesurfer automated skull stripping and the incremental utility of manual intervention.

Quality assurance (QA) is vital for ensuring the integrity of processed neuroimaging data for use in clinical neurosciences research. Manual QA (visual inspection) of processed brains for cortical surface reconstruction errors is resource-intensive, particularly with large datasets. Several semi-automated QA tools use quantitative detection of subjects for editing based on outlier brain regions.

On the impact of interhemispheric white matter: Age, executive functioning, and dedifferentiation in the frontal lobes.

Introduction: In middle age, declines in executive functioning (EF) are associated with decrements in the quality and/or quantity of white and grey matter. Recruitment of homologous regions has been identified as a compensatory mechanism for cognitive decline in later middle age; however, research into neural substrates of EF has yet to be guided by dedifferentiation models. We hypothesized that frontal-parietal grey matter volume, interhemispheric white matter, and intrahemispheric white matter fractional anisotropy will be predictive of EF.

The real-time fMRI neurofeedback based stratification of Default Network Regulation Neuroimaging data repository.

This data descriptor describes a repository of openly shared data from an experiment to assess inter-individual differences in default mode network (DMN) activity. This repository includes cross-sectional functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from the Multi Source Interference Task, to assess DMN deactivation, the Moral Dilemma Task, to assess DMN activation, a resting state fMRI scan, and a DMN neurofeedback paradigm, to assess DMN modulation, along with accompanying behavioral and cognitive measures. We report technical validation from n=125 participants of the final targeted sample of 180 participants.