Image-guided TMS is safe in a predominately pediatric clinical population.

Objective: The safety of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been previously evaluated in healthy volunteers and clinical adult populations. We sought to fill the gap in safety of TMS functional mapping in a clinical, predominately pediatric cohort.

Methods: In a retrospective chart review, we assessed TMS motor and language mapping studies in persons with epilepsy or brain tumor for adverse events and safety of TMS, and in patients with cranial metal.