Beyond the Tragedy: Illuminating Challenges in Disaster Management and Mental Health Support in Resource-Constrained Environments.

In the aftermath of the 2022 Pakistan flooding, disaster management faced critical challenges, particularly in mental health support. This study analyzed an incident where eighteen internally displaced individuals lost their lives in a bus fire. The current approach involves a comprehensive analysis of the incident, exploring the difficulties encountered in managing relief efforts, and providing mental health support.

Improving Quality of Life in Underserved Communities: A Case from Humanity Initiative's Student-Led Clinics.

Using the case study of a 12-year-old girl diagnosed with complex congenital heart disease at a student-led clinic (SLC) organized by Humanity Initiative (HI) in Karachi, the paper highlights the effectiveness of SLCs in providing accessible and comprehensive healthcare services. The article contributes to existing literature by demonstrating the practical benefits of SLCs in a real-world setting, particularly in resource-limited environments. It underscores the potential of SLCs not only to improve community health but also to enhance medical education by providing students with hands-on experience and fostering a sense of social responsibility.

Unveiling the silent threat of new onset atrial fibrillation in covid-19 hospitalized patients: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: COVID-19, a highly infectious respiratory disease, has been associated with a range of cardiovascular complications. One of the most commonly reported cardiovascular issues in COVID-19 patients is the development of arrhythmias. Among all types of arrhythmias, atrial fibrillation is the most frequently observed.

Unveiling the potential application of intraoperative brain smear for brain tumor diagnosis in low-middle-income countries: A comprehensive systematic review.

Background: Immediate intraoperative histopathological examination of tumor tissue is indispensable for a neurosurgeon to track surgical resection. A brain smear is a simple, rapid, and cost-effective technique, particularly important in the diagnosis of brain tumors. The study aims to determine the effectiveness of intraoperative brain smear in the diagnosis of brain tumors in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), while also evaluating its sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and overall accuracy.

Case report of a child with spontaneous pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema.

Hamman's syndrome is a rare clinical entity that presents with spontaneous pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema. It is most commonly diagnosed in young men and pregnant women, and is rare in children. We report the case of a female toddler who presented to an emergency department with fever, cough and shortness of breath.

Characterization of Monoamine Oxidase-A in tropical liver fluke, Fasciola gigantica.

Fasciola gigantica, responsible for the zoonotic disease fasciolosis, pose a great threat to the livestock and human health worldwide. The triclabendazole (TCBZ) has been used for decades as a broad spectrum anthelmintic to control this perilous disease but the emergence of resistance in flukes against TCBZ has prompted researchers across the world to explore for new drugs and antigenic targets. World Health Organization has strongly recommended the utilization of neurobiologically significant biomolecules as new drug/antigenic targets because of their significant role in the physiology of parasites.

Clinostomum complanatum: Anthelmintic potential of curcumin on the infective progenetic metacercarial stage.

The emerging resistance against commonly used antiparasitic drugs has driven investigators to explore alternative approaches using plant-derived active ingredients. These compounds have been tested for antiviral, antibacterial, and anthelmintic properties, particularly against adult worms. However, their effects on larval forms have been neglected.

Affinity purification, identification, and biochemical characterization of Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, a membrane anchored enzyme of Gigantocotyle explanatum.

Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase is an enzyme that facilitates the transfer of glutamyl groups from glutamyl peptides to other peptides or water. Additionally, it also participates in important processes such as amino acid transport, cellular redox control, drug detoxification, apoptosis, and DNA fragmentation in a various organism. In the present study, GGT activity in Gigantocotyle explanatum was examined in order to characterize the enzyme in the helminth system.

Antihelminthic effect of thymoquinone against biliary amphistome, Gigantocotyleexplanatum.

Recent research on the emergence of parasitic resistance to commonly prescribed anthelmintics has sparked a greater interest in finding novel therapeutic molecules, including those derived from plants. The use of medicinal plants and their derivatives has been viewed as an alternative source of anti-parasitic compounds and as being safe in comparison to synthetic medications due to the absence of adverse effects, ease of accessibility, and little to no expense. Consequently, in the current study, thymoquinone (TQ), an active component of Nigella sativa (Black cumin), has been tested to see their effect on the activity of some important parameters of Gigantocotyle explanatum worms, including Gamma-glutamyl Transpeptidase (GGT), glutathione (GSH), Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST), Superoxide dismutase (NO).

Oxidative status and changes in the adenosine deaminase activity in experimental host infected with tropical liver fluke, Fasciola gigantica.

Fine tuning of the metabolic, physiological and immunological cues along with interplay between the biomolecules of the host and the parasite could be responsible for the successful establishment of parasitic infections. The present investigation was aimed at evaluating the oxidative status and the level of adenosine deaminase (ADA) in the serum and liver of rabbits experimentally infected with Fasciola gigantica. A significant increase in level of ROS, MDA and 4-HNE along with a decline in the SOD, CAT, GR and GST activity was evident in rabbits experimentally infected with Fasciola gigantica.

Not All Facial Droops Are Stroke: Miller Fisher Syndrome Presenting as a Stroke Mimic.

Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) is a rare acquired neuropathy resulting from an acute infection and is believed to be a variant of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). Its characteristic features are triads of ataxia, areflexia and ophthalmolegia, though involvement of cranial nerves is possible. Our case report describes a middle-aged man who presented as a potential stroke patient with left-sided facial droop, dysphagia and weakness.

Glutathione-S-transferase: an important diagnostic antigen of liver amphistome Gigantocotyle explanatum, infecting the Indian water buffalo.

The foodborne trematodiases pose a significant health problem to the animals as well as the human population living in close proximities with the livestock and are still considered as the neglected tropical diseases by the World Health Organisation. The digenetic trematode, Gigantocotyle explanatum infecting the liver of Indian water buffalo, Bubalus bubalis, has been identified as one of the most common helminth parasite responsible for the disease, amphistomosis, in livestock. Despite huge abattoir prevalence, the epidemiological data and the actual economic losses incurred due to this parasite alone are yet to be established probably due to the limitations of routinely used diagnostic tests.

Generation of oxidative stress and induction of apoptotic like events in curcumin and thymoquinone treated adult Fasciola gigantica worms.

Fasciolosis is a neglected tropical disease caused by the liver fluke Fasciola gigantica. The absence of successful vaccine and emerging resistance in flukes against the drug of choice, triclabendazole, has necessitated the search for alternatives including phyto-therapeutic approaches. Curcumin and thymoquinone, the active ingredients of Curcuma longa and Nigella sativa plants respectively, were first screened for their binding affinity with Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) molecule through in silico molecular docking followed by in vitro treatment of worms with varying concentrations of the test compounds.

Immature Fasciola gigantica: Time-dependent ultrastructural changes following in vivo treatment with triclabendazole.

An in vivo study was carried out to investigate the ultrastructural effects of triclabendazole (TCBZ) on immature Fasciola gigantica in a goat model. Five goats were infected with an oral gavage of 150 metacercarial cysts of F. gigantica and anthelmintic treatment occurred at 4 weeks post infection with an oral dose of 10 mg/kg.

In vitro anthelmintic effect of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles on liver amphistome, Gigantocotyle explanatum.

In order to ensure global food security a rationale approach is required to control all those factors which directly or indirectly affect the food productivity. The neglected helminthic diseases alone are responsible for huge economic losses to the agrarian stakeholders. The problem is further compounded by the emerging drug resistance in flukes against the commonly used anthelmintics like triclabendazole.

Low virulence potential and in vivo transformation ability in the honey bee venom treated Clinostomum complanatum.

The helminth parasites possess great capabilities to adapt themselves within their hosts and also develop strategies to render the commonly used anthelmintics ineffective leading to the development of resistance against these drugs. Besides using anthelmintics the natural products have also been tested for their anti-parasitic effects. Therapeutic efficacy of honey bee venom (HBV) has been tested in various ailments including some protozoal infections but very little is known about its anthelmintic properties.

Immunolocalization and immunodetection of the excretory/secretory (ES) antigens of Fasciola gigantica.

The digenetic trematode Fasciola gigantica is a parasite of great agricultural and economic importance. Along with Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica incurs huge economic losses to the agricultural sector.

Genotoxic potential of infection in experimentally infected rabbits.

A number of parasitic platyhelminthes are known to cause genotoxicity in humans and animals. However no such information is available on tropical liver fluke, , which incurs huge economic losses worldwide. In the present study the genotoxic potential of infection in rabbits, experimentally infected with the metacercarial cysts of this parasite, has been investigated using the standard comet assay and micronucleus (MNi) test on the isolated hepatocytes and the whole blood from the infected rabbits.

Anthelmintic Potential of Thymoquinone and Curcumin on Fasciola gigantica.

Fasciolosis an economically important global disease of ruminants in the temperate and tropical regions, caused by Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica, respectively, also poses a potential zoonotic threat. In India alone it causes huge losses to stakeholders.

2D-PAGE analysis of the soluble proteins of the tropical liver fluke, Fasciola gigantica and biliary amphistome, Gigantocotyle explanatum, concurrently infecting Bubalus bubalis.

The digenetic trematodes, Fasciola gigantica and Gigantocotyle explanatum, belonging to the family Fasciolidae and Paramphistomidae respectively, have been often found to concurrently infect the liver of Indian water buffalo Bubalus bubalis, causing serious pathological damage to the vital organ, incurring huge economic losses. In the present study the soluble gene products of both F. gigantica and G.

UNIQUE PRESENTATION OF OSTEOPETROSIS.

Osteopetrosis is a rare hereditary disorder of osteoclast dysfunction leading to abnormally dense and sclerotic bones that are fragile and break easily. It can be inherited in various patterns like autosomal-dominant, autosomal-recessive or as X-linked traits, but the most grievous forms of its inheritance are the autosomal-recessive ones, which show early onset and are associated with very poor prognosis. We report here the case of an asymptomatic young boy, who was diagnosed as the case of autosomal recessive osteopetrosis on the basis of his genetic studies.