Evaluation of goat based 'indigenous vaccine' against bovine Johne's disease in endemically infected native cattle herds.

'Indigenous vaccine' prepared from 'Indian Bison Type' a native bio-type of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis strain 'S5' of goat origin (goat based) was evaluated in indigenous cattle herds located in gaushalas (cow shelters), endemic for Bovine Johne's disease. Cows (893) were randomly divided into vaccinated (702 = 626 adults + 76 calves) and control (191 = 173 adults + 18 calves) groups. Response to vaccination was evaluated on the basis of health (mortality, morbidity), productivity (growth rate, reproductive performance, total milk yield), immunological parameters (LTT, ELISA titer), survivability of animals naturally infected with MAP, bacterimia (by specific blood PCR), seroconversion (by indigenous ELISA) and status of shedding of MAP in feces (by microscopy) in the two groups before and after vaccination.

Graft (partially carboxymethylated guar gum-g-poly vinyl sulfonic acid) copolymer: from synthesis to applications.

The aim of the paper is to study the physico-chemical phenomenon of synthesized graft copolymer (carboxymethylated guar gum-g-vinylsulfonic acid). The reaction optimum conditions for grafting has also been determined by studying the effect of vinylsulfonic acid, hydrogen ion, peroxymonosulphate, glycolic acid concentration and carboxymethylated guar gum along with time and temperature. Experimental results show that maximum grafting has been obtained at 1.

Generation, annotation, and analysis of ESTs from midgut tissue of adult female Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes.

Background: Malaria is a tropical disease caused by protozoan parasite, Plasmodium, which is transmitted to humans by various species of female anopheline mosquitoes. Anopheles stephensi is one such major malaria vector in urban parts of the Indian subcontinent. Unlike Anopheles gambiae, an African malaria vector, transcriptome of A.