Diastereospecific Synthesis of Vicinally Substituted 2-Oxazolidinones via Oxidative Rearrangement of α,β-Unsaturated γ-Lactams.

A diastereospecific synthesis of vicinally substituted 2-oxazolidinones from α,β-unsaturated lactams using -chloroperoxybenzoic acid is reported. Several highly substituted 2-oxazolidinones were obtained in 19-46% yields in a one-pot reaction with complete control over the relative stereochemistry. The proposed reaction sequence consists of a Baeyer-Villiger oxidation, an epoxidation, and a concerted rearrangement.

Strain-induced bandgap engineering in 2D ψ-graphene materials: a first-principles study.

High mechanical strength, excellent thermal and electrical conductivity, and tunable properties make two-dimensional (2D) materials attractive for various applications. However, the metallic nature of these materials restricts their applications in specific domains. Strain engineering is a versatile technique to tailor the distribution of energy levels, including bandgap opening between the energy bands.

Lipid nanocarrier-based bigel of oil for analgesic and anti-inflammatory applications.

Present study reports analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential of (L.) leaf oil loaded lipid nanocarrier (BLNs)-embedded bigel. BLNs were developed by solvent evaporation technique and were characterised by FESEM, Cryo-TEM, mean diameter, zeta potential, loading efficiency, etc.

Sirtuin2 blockade inhibits replication of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 and in macrophages and humanized mice.

Coinfections with (Mtb) and HIV-1 present a critical health challenge and require treatment for survival. We found that human M1 macrophages inhibit Mtb growth, while M2 macrophages, characterized by elevated Sirt2 expression, permit Mtb growth. Further, we found that HIV-1 augmented Sirt2 gene expression in MФs.

Circadian desynchrony in early life leads to enduring autistic-like behavioral changes in adulthood.

Circadian rhythm regulates a variety of biological processes in almost all living organisms. Modern lifestyles, e.g.

Non-invasive brain-machine interface control with artificial intelligence copilots.

Motor brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) decode neural signals to help people with paralysis move and communicate. Even with important advances in the last two decades, BMIs face key obstacles to clinical viability. Invasive BMIs achieve proficient cursor and robotic arm control but require neurosurgery, posing significant risk to patients.

The Recommended Deltoid Intramuscular Injection Sites in the Adult Population: A Cadaveric Pilot Study With an Orthopedic Perspective.

Background and aim The deltoid is a common site for intramuscular injections, but guidelines for administration lack standardization. Global researchers propose various techniques, and recent study reports indicate a 1.5-15% incidence of nerve palsies due to injections.

Neurons Specialize in Presynaptic Autophagy: A Perspective to Ameliorate Neurodegeneration.

The efficient and prolonged neurotransmission is reliant on the coordinated action of numerous synaptic proteins in the presynaptic compartment that remodels synaptic vesicles for neurotransmitter packaging and facilitates their exocytosis. Once a cycle of neurotransmission is completed, membranes and associated proteins are endocytosed into the cytoplasm for recycling or degradation. Both exocytosis and endocytosis are closely regulated in a timely and spatially constrained manner.

Candida albicans' inorganic phosphate transport and evolutionary adaptation to phosphate scarcity.

Phosphorus is essential in all cells' structural, metabolic and regulatory functions. For fungal cells that import inorganic phosphate (Pi) up a steep concentration gradient, surface Pi transporters are critical capacitators of growth. Fungi must deploy Pi transporters that enable optimal Pi uptake in pH and Pi concentration ranges prevalent in their environments.

Transformer-based decoder of melanoma classification using hand-crafted texture feature fusion and Gray Wolf Optimization algorithm.

Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that poses significant health risks and requires early detection for effective treatment. This study proposing a novel approach that integrates a transformer-based model with hand-crafted texture features and Gray Wolf Optimization, aiming to enhance efficiency of melanoma classification. Preprocessing involves standardizing image dimensions and enhancing image quality through median filtering techniques.

The candidate vaccine derived from H37Rv is markedly immunogenic in macrophages and induces robust immunity to tuberculosis in mice.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, with approximately 1.5 million deaths per year. The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine against TB is used in infants but shows variable protection.

Regioselective Brønsted acid catalyzed ring opening of aziridines by phenols and thiophenols; a gateway to access functionalized indolines, indoles, benzothiazines, dihydrobenzo-thiazines, benzo-oxazines and benzochromenes.

Brønsted acid catalyzed regioselective ring opening of aziridines by phenols and thiophenols have been reported. Involvement of a series of aziridines with a range of phenols and thiophenols offer the generality of the reported protocol. Completion of the reaction at room temperature within very short time brings the uniqueness of the developed technique.

Air Nozzle Injury: Barotrauma Resulted From an Industrial Accident.

Industrial accidents involving compressed air can lead to significant colonic injuries, ranging from minor tears to complete perforations. This study investigates a case of colonic barotrauma in a 40-year-old male oil refinery worker who suffered symptoms of lower abdominal discomfort, distension, and tenderness following the application of compressed air to his anus. Diagnostic tests, including blood count, abdominal X-ray, and ultrasonography, indicated fecal impaction, dilated bowel loops, and free gas under the diaphragm.

Nanoironing van der Waals Heterostructures toward Electrically Controlled Quantum Dots.

Assembling two-dimensional van der Waals (vdW)-layered materials into heterostructures is an exciting development that sparked the discovery of rich correlated electronic phenomena. vdW heterostructures also offer possibilities for designer device applications in areas such as optoelectronics, valley- and spintronics, and quantum technology. However, realizing the full potential of these heterostructures requires interfaces with exceptionally low disorder which is challenging to engineer.

Causal Relationships Between Physical Activity and Arthrokinematic Integrity of the Ankle Joint-Foot Complex Across Normal and Pathological Phenomena: A Case-Control Analysis.

Introduction Muscles, ligaments, tendons, bones, and cartilage undergo age-related changes, affecting the foot-ankle joint complex biomechanics in both genders. While international studies have extensively researched these dynamics, Indian studies are limited. Our study aims to fill this gap by analyzing the anthropometric and biomechanical function of the foot-ankle joint complex in normal individuals and those with painful pathologies at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Rajkot's OPD.

Encapsulation of Alpinia leaf essential oil in nanophytosome-embedded gel as novel strategy to treat periodontal infections: evaluation of antimicrobial effectiveness, pharmacokinetic, in vitro-ex vivo correlation and in silico studies.

Aim: The work reports a novel nanophytosomal gel encapsulating (L.) Willd leaf essential oil to treat periodontal infections.

Methods: Alpinia oil-loaded nanophytosomes (ANPs) were formulated by lipid layer hydration technique and were evaluated by FESEM, cryo-TEM, loading efficiency, zeta potential, particle size, release profile etc.

Advanced Dressings for Chronic Wound Management.

Wound healing, particularly for chronic wounds, presents a considerable difficulty due to differences in biochemical and cellular processes that occur in different types of wounds. Recent technological breakthroughs have notably advanced the understanding of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to wound healing. The evolution in wound care has seen a transition from traditional textile dressings to a variety of advanced alternatives, including self-healing hydrogels, hydrofibers, foams, hydrocolloids, environment responsive dressings, growth factor-based therapy, bioengineered skin substitutes, and stem cell and gene therapy.