Estimation of glacier-stored freshwater volume present in major tributaries of the Brahmaputra basin.

Estimation of the glacier-stored freshwater is important to understand the water security in the Himalayan region. While previous work has studied the western and central Himalayan glaciers, the eastern counterpart received less and more scattered attention. In this study, an attempt is made to quantify the total glacier-stored freshwater in the Brahmaputra basin and later compared with previous global models.

Efficacy, Safety and Immunogenicity of Sun's Ranibizumab Biosimilar in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Phase 3, Double-Blind Comparative Study.

Introduction: The study aimed to evaluate comparability in terms of efficacy, safety and immunogenicity of Sun's ranibizumab biosimilar with reference ranibizumab in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).

Methods: This prospective, randomised, double-blind, two-group, parallel-arm, multicentre, phase 3 comparative study included patients with nAMD ≥ 50 years, randomised (in a 2:1 ratio) in a double-blind manner to receive 0.5 mg (0.

Nonketotic hyperglycemia hemichorea and hemiballismus: a case report.

Background: Diabetic striatopathy, also known as hyperglycemic hemichorea-hemiballismus, is a rare movement disorder associated with nonketotic hyperglycemia in patients with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus. The pathophysiology is not fully elucidated but may involve hyperviscosity, ischemia, and alterations in basal ganglia neurotransmitters.

Case Presentation: We present a case of a 64-year-old Asian female patient with longstanding poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus who developed abrupt-onset right-sided hemichorea-hemiballismus.

Evidence of a genetic background predisposing to complex regional pain syndrome type 1.

Background: Complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS-1) is a rare, disabling and sometimes chronic disorder usually arising after a trauma. This exploratory study examined whether patients with chronic CRPS-1 have a different genetic profile compared with those who do not have the condition.

Methods: Exome sequencing was performed to seek altered non-synonymous SNP allele frequencies in a discovery cohort of well-characterised patients with chronic CRPS-1 (n34) compared with population databases.

Estimation of air pollution tolerance and anticipated performance index of roadside plants along the national highway in a tropical urban city.

One of the most serious environmental issues is air pollution. Unlike other environmental concerns, this form of pollution is extremely challenging to regulate. The greenery of roadside trees plays a significant role in air purification and pollutant absorption, therefore helping to mitigate environmental pollution.

Quantification of Digital Body Maps for Pain: Development and Application of an Algorithm for Generating Pain Frequency Maps.

Background: Pain is an unpleasant sensation that signals potential or actual bodily injury. The locations of bodily pain can be communicated and recorded by freehand drawing on 2D or 3D (manikin) surface maps. Freehand pain drawings are often part of validated pain questionnaires (eg, the Brief Pain Inventory) and use 2D templates with undemarcated body outlines.

Imputation strategies for missing baseline neurological assessment covariates after traumatic brain injury: A CENTER-TBI study.

Statistical models for outcome prediction are central to traumatic brain injury research and critical to baseline risk adjustment. Glasgow coma score (GCS) and pupil reactivity are crucial covariates in all such models but may be measured at multiple time points between the time of injury and hospital and are subject to a variable degree of unreliability and/or missingness. Imputation of missing data may be undertaken using full multiple imputation or by simple substitution of measurements from other time points.

CoV2-Detect-Net: Design of COVID-19 prediction model based on hybrid DE-PSO with SVM using chest X-ray images.

For Covid-19 suspected cases, it is critical to diagnose them accurately and rapidly so that they can be isolated and provided with required medical care. A self-learning automation model will be helpful to diagnose the COVID-19 suspected individual using chest X-rays. AI based designs, which utilizes chest X-rays, have been recently proposed for the detection of COVID-19.

Use and impact of high intensity treatments in patients with traumatic brain injury across Europe: a CENTER-TBI analysis.

Purpose: To study variation in, and clinical impact of high Therapy Intensity Level (TIL) treatments for elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) across European Intensive Care Units (ICUs).

Methods: We studied high TIL treatments (metabolic suppression, hypothermia (< 35 °C), intensive hyperventilation (PaCO < 4 kPa), and secondary decompressive craniectomy) in patients receiving ICP monitoring in the ICU stratum of the CENTER-TBI study. A random effect logistic regression model was used to determine between-centre variation in their use.

Enantioselective in vitro ADME, absolute oral bioavailability, and pharmacokinetics of (-)-lumefantrine and (+)-lumefantrine in mice.

Lumefantrine (LFN) is a chiral antimalarial drug. Enantioselective attributes and absolute oral pharmacokinetics for (-)-LFN and (+)-LFN have been characterized in mice. No stereoselectivity was seen with either of the enantiomers when compared with -LFN in the executed studies (solubility, metabolic stability, protein binding, permeability and blood partitioning).

Novel methodology to perform incurred sample reanalysis on dried blood spot cards: Experimental data using darolutamide and filgotinib.

Different options on performing incurred sample reanalysis (ISR) on dried blood spot (DBS) cards were investigated using drugs belonging to various therapeutic areas: (a) darolutamide (to treat prostate cancer) and (b) filgotinib (to treat rheumatoid arthritis). The proposed novel methodology included the generation of half-DBS and quarter-DBS discs after initial blood collection using the full-DBS discs. Accordingly, blood collection via DBS was performed in male BALB/c mice following intravenous and oral dosing of darolutamide; in male Sprague Dawley rats following intravenous and oral dosing of filgotinib.

Enantioselective LC-ESI-MS/MS method for quantitation of (-)-lumefantrine and (+)-lumefantrine in mice plasma and application to a pharmacokinetic study.

We developed and validated a simple, sensitive, selective, and reliable LC-MS/MS-ESI method for the direct quantitation of lumefantrine (LFN) enantiomers [(-)-LFN and (+)-LFN] in mice plasma as per regulatory guideline. LFN enantiomers and carbamazepine (internal standard) were extracted from mice plasma using Strata X SPE (solid-phase extraction) cartridges. Good resolution between enantiomers was achieved on a Chiralpak IA-3 column using an isocratic mobile phase (0.

Validated DBS method for filgotinib quantitation in rat dried blood spots and its application to a pharmacokinetic study in rats.

Filgotinib is a selective JAK1 (Janus kinase) inhibitor, showed efficacy in patients suffering from moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis. In this paper, we present the data on the development and validation of a sensitive, selective and high-throughput LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry) method for the quantitation of filgotinib from rat dried blood spot (DBS) cards. To the DBS disc cards, 0.

Validated LC-MS/MS method for quantitation of a selective JAK1 inhibitor, filgotinib in rat plasma, and its application to a pharmacokinetic study in rats.

Filgotinib is a selective JAK1 (Janus kinase) inhibitor, filed in Japan for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. In this paper, we report a validated liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry for the quantification of filgotinib in rat plasma using tofacitinib as an internal standard (IS) as per the Food and Drug Administration regulatory guidelines. Filgotinib and the IS were extracted from rat plasma using ethyl acetate as an extraction solvent and chromatographed using an isocratic mobile phase (0.

Catheter Related Right Atrial Thrombus in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis: Results of a Single Centre Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Objective: To study the magnitude of the complication of catheter associated right atrial thrombus (CRAT) in patients with tunnelled central venous hemodialysis catheters (THC) for maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).

Material And Methods: A retrospective study was conducted among patients with end stage kidney disease (ESKD) with THC for MHD who had undergone screening for CRAT with a 2D-echo (2DE) just before removal of the THC. The occurrence of CRAT and other clinical parameters were documented in these patients.

Relationship between the Use of Aluminium Utensils for Cooking Meals and Chronic Aluminum Toxicity in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Case Control Study.

Background: Chronic aluminum toxicity (CAT) in end stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients is now a rare clinical disorder, unlike in the past, because of improvements in hemodialysis water purification systems and discontinuation of use of aluminum hydroxide as a phosphate binder. The use of aluminum utensils for cooking could be an unrecognised cause of the CAT.

Objective: To assess the association between aluminum kitchen utensils used for cooking meals and chronic aluminum toxicity (CAT) in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).

Optimal intensive care outcome prediction over time using machine learning.

Background: Prognostication is an essential tool for risk adjustment and decision making in the intensive care unit (ICU). Research into prognostication in ICU has so far been limited to data from admission or the first 24 hours. Most ICU admissions last longer than this, decisions are made throughout an admission, and some admissions are explicitly intended as time-limited prognostic trials.

Determination of Tofacitinib in Mice Whole Blood on Dried Blood Spots Using LC-ESI-MS/MS: Application to Pharmacokinetic Study in Mice.

A simple, sensitive and rapid assay method has been developed and validated as per regulatory guideline for the estimation of tofacitinib on mice dried blood spots (DBS) using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry with electro spray ionization in the positive-ion mode. The method employs liquid extraction of tofacitinib from DBS disk of mice whole blood followed by chromatographic separation using 5 mM ammonium acetate (pH 6.5):acetonitrile (20:80, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.

Validation of an enantioselective LC-MS/MS method to quantify enantiomers of (±)-OTX015 in mice plasma: Lack of in vivo inversion of (-)-OTX015 to its antipode.

A highly sensitive, specific and enantioselective assay has been validated for the quantitation of OTX015 enantiomers [(+)-OTX015 and (-)-OTX015] in mice plasma on LC-MS/MS-electrospray ionization as per regulatory guidelines. Protein precipitation was used to extract (±)-OTX015 enantiomers and internal standard (IS) from mice plasma. The active [(-)-OTX015] and inactive [(+)-OTX015] enantiomers were resolved on a Chiralpak-IA column using an isocratic mobile phase (0.

Sensitive method for the determination of rocilinostat in small volume mouse plasma by LC-MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study in mice.

A highly sensitive, specific and rapid LC-ESI-MS/MS method has been developed and validated for the quantification of rocilinostat in small volume mouse plasma (20 μL) using vorinostat as an internal standard (IS) as per regulatory guidelines. Sample preparation was accomplished through a protein precipitation procedure with acetonitrile. Chromatography was achieved on Prodigy ODS-2 column using a binary gradient using mobile phase A (0.