Distribution and disparities of healthy lifestyles and noncommunicable diseases risk factors between men and women aged 20-59 years in Bangladesh: Evidence from a nationwide survey.

Background: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are public health threats globally and recognized impediments to socioeconomic development. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and clustering of NCDs risk factors among Bangladeshi men and women aged 20-59 years using nationally representative data.

Methods: This study was conducted in 82 rural, nonslum urban, and slum clusters across all eight administrative divisions of Bangladesh using multistage cluster sampling.

Envelope Protein-Targeting Zika Virus Entry Inhibitors.

Zika virus (ZIKV; family, ), which causes congenital Zika syndrome, Guillain-Barré Syndrome, and other severe diseases, is transmitted mainly by mosquitoes; however, the virus can be transmitted through other routes. Among the three structural and seven nonstructural proteins, the surface envelope (E) protein of ZIKV plays a critical role in viral entry and pathogenesis, making it a key target for the development of effective entry inhibitors. This review article describes the life cycle, genome, and encoded proteins of ZIKV, illustrates the structure and function of the ZIKV E protein, summarizes E protein-targeting entry inhibitors (with a focus on those based on natural products and small molecules), and highlights challenges that may potentially hinder the development of effective inhibitors of ZIKV infection.

A Unique mRNA Vaccine Elicits Protective Efficacy against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant and SARS-CoV.

The highly pathogenic coronaviruses SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV have led to the COVID-19 pandemic and SARS outbreak, respectively. The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2, particularly the Omicron variant, has frequent mutations, resulting in the reduced efficiency of current COVID-19 vaccines against new variants. Here, we designed two lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA vaccines by deleting the mutant RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (SARS2-S (RBD-del)) or by replacing this mutant RBD with the conserved and potent RBD of SARS-CoV (SARS2-S (SARS-RBD)).

Successful interventional treatment of huge hepatic haemangioma in a neonate following failed medical approach.

An outborn male term neonate presented with a complaint of respiratory distress since birth on day 9 of life. On examination, baby was having tachypnoea, tachycardia and hepatomegaly. The baby was delivered at term gestation and cried immediately after birth.

Identification of lncRNA and weighted gene coexpression network analysis of germinating causing mucormycosis.

, an opportunistic fungal pathogen, causes a highly fatal disease, mucormycosis. Spore germination is a crucial mechanism for disease pathogenesis. Thus, exploring the molecular mechanisms of fungal germination would underpin our knowledge of such transformation and, in turn, help control mucormycosis.

Understanding the mechanism of pathogenicity through interactome studies between Arachis hypogaea L. and Aspergillus flavus.

Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) infects the peanut seeds during pre-and post-harvest stages, causing seed quality destruction for humans and livestock consumption. Even though many resistant varieties were developed, the molecular mechanism of defense interactions of peanut against A.

Computational identification and characterization of vascular wilt pathogen () CAZymes in tomato xylem sap.

f. sp is a devastating plant pathogenic fungi known for wilt disease in the tomato plant and secrete cell wall degrading enzymes. These enzymes are collectively known as carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), crucial for growth, colonization and pathogenesis.

Prevalence of Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices and Differences in Estimates of Minimum Dietary Diversity Using 2008 and 2021 Definitions: Evidence from Bangladesh.

Background: Infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices directly impact the health of <2-y-old children. Minimum dietary diversity (MDD) is an IYCF indicator to assess feeding practices of children aged 6-23 mo. The definition of MDD has recently been updated by the WHO and UNICEF, substituting "≥4 out of 7 food groups" (MDD-7FG) with "≥5 out of 8 food groups" (MDD-8FG).

Immune response gene coexpression network analysis of Arachis hypogaea infected with Aspergillus flavus.

Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) infection and aflatoxin contamination is a major bottleneck for peanut cultivation and value chain industry. In this study, a transcriptomic network study was conducted by retrieving publically available RNA-seq datasets of resistant and susceptible peanut varieties infected by A.

Genome-wide annotation, comparison and functional genomics of carbohydrate-active enzymes in legumes infecting .

Fusarium wilt caused by soil borne ascomycetes fungi which has host-specific forms known as  (ff. spp.), apparently requires plant cell wall degrading enzymes (PCWDE) for successful invasion.

Glycosyltransferases from oat (Avena) implicated in the acylation of avenacins.

Plants produce a huge array of specialized metabolites that have important functions in defense against biotic and abiotic stresses. Many of these compounds are glycosylated by family 1 glycosyltransferases (GTs). Oats (Avena spp.

A serine carboxypeptidase-like acyltransferase is required for synthesis of antimicrobial compounds and disease resistance in oats.

Serine carboxypeptidase-like (SCPL) proteins have recently emerged as a new group of plant acyltransferases. These enzymes share homology with peptidases but lack protease activity and instead are able to acylate natural products. Several SCPL acyltransferases have been characterized to date from dicots, including an enzyme required for the synthesis of glucose polyesters that may contribute to insect resistance in wild tomato (Solanum pennellii) and enzymes required for the synthesis of sinapate esters associated with UV protection in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Real time HR-MAS NMR: application in reaction optimization, mechanism elucidation and kinetic analysis for heterogeneous reagent catalyzed small molecule chemistry.

A novel application of in situ (1)H high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) NMR technique for real-time monitoring of H(2)SO(4)-silica promoted formation of 2, 2-disubstituted quinozolin-4(3H)-ones is reported. The detailed NMR spectroscopic data led to elucidation of the mechanism, reaction optimization, kinetics and quantitative analysis of the product accurately and efficiently. The translation of the optimized parameters obtained by (1)H HR-MAS NMR in the wet laboratory provided similar results.

Development of fluorescent aryltryptophans by Pd mediated cross-coupling of unprotected halotryptophans in water.

A convenient and high yielding procedure for the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of unprotected bromo- and chlorotryptophans in water provides fluorescent aryltryptophans.

A convenient one-step synthesis of L-aminotryptophans and improved synthesis of 5-fluorotryptophan.

A one-pot biotransformation for the generation of a series of L-aminotryptophans using a readily prepared protein extract containing tryptophan synthase is reported. The extract exhibits remarkable stability upon freeze-drying, and may be stored and used for long periods after its preparation without significant loss of activity.

Rational design, synthesis and evaluation of (6aR( *),11bS( *))-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-{7-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl]1,2,3,4,6,6a,7,11b,12,12a(RS)-decahydropyrazino[2',1':6,1]pyrido[3,4-b]indol-2-yl}-butan-1-one as a potential neuroleptic agent.

In our pursuit to prepare a potent antipsychotic compound, a novel 1,2,3,4,6,6a,7,11b,12,12a-decahydropyrazino[2',1':6,1]pyrido[3,4-b]indole derivative was synthesized which incorporates the butyrophenone substructure twice. This molecule has shown D(1), D(2) and 5-HT(2A) receptor blocking activity where the ratio pK(i) (5-HT(2A)) to pK(i) (D(2)) is 1.42 better than risperidone (1.

NMR spectroscopic identification of cholesterol esters, plasmalogen and phenolic glycolipids as fingerprint markers of human intracranial tuberculomas.

Detailed (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy of lipid extracts from 12 human intracranial tuberculomas and two control brain tissue samples was performed to assess the role of lipids in the disease process. One-dimensional and two-dimensional NMR techniques were used to resolve the mixture of lipid components and make resonance assignments. The lipid components that could be identified in tuberculoma lipid extracts and not in control samples were: cholesterol ester, plasmalogen and phenolic glycolipids.

Xyloccensin X and Y, two new limonoids from xylocarpus molluccensis: NMR investigation in mixture.

Two new limonoids, xyloccensin X (1) and xyloccensin Y (2), have been identified in mixture using NMR spectroscopy. Both limonoids were isolated in mixture from the fruit of the plant Xylocarpus molluccensis. The structures of these were proposed after extensive 2D NMR analyses in mixture.

Stereoselective synthesis of highly O-functionalized enantiopure 2,3,4-trisubstituted tetrahydrofurans by tandem debenzylative cyclization of glycal derived 2,3-epoxy alcohols.

A new and highly efficient methodology for the construction of synthetically important highly O-functionalized enantiopure 2,3,4-trisubstituted tetrahydrofurans with three contiguous stereocenters is reported.

Auto-redox reaction: tin(II) chloride-mediated one-step reductive cyclization leading to the synthesis of novel biheterocyclic 5,6-dihydro-quinazolino[4,3-b]quinazolin-8-ones with three-point diversity.

[reaction: see text] A tin(II) chloride-mediated short, efficient, and practical regioselective synthesis of biheterocyclic 5,6-dihydro-quinazolino[4,3-b]quinazolin-8-ones with three-point diversity is reported. A one-step reductive transformation of 2-(2-nitrophenyl)-3H-quinazolin-4-one in various alcohols furnished the desired tetracyclic product in good yields with high purity.