Publications by authors named "Abhay M Gaidhane"
Background: The rapid rise of non-communicable diseases, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), poses a significant global public health challenge, with South Asia experiencing an increasingly severe burden. This study aimed to analyse historical trends of T2DM across South Asia from 1990 to 2021 and forecast incidence through 2031.
Research Design And Methods: We carried out analysis based on the data from the 2021 Global burden of disease study.
Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, has re-emerged as a significant global health concern, particularly during the widespread outbreak of 2022. As an orthopoxvirus related to the eradicated smallpox virus, mpox has been primarily managed with smallpox vaccines and treatments, including the antiviral agent Tecovirimat. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Tecovirimat in treating mpox, focusing on its use during the 2022 outbreak, especially among high-risk populations, including men who have sex with men and people living with HIV.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: The objectives of this study were to analyze trends in prostate cancer incidence, incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2021 via data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study in South Asia. Additionally, the study projects future prostate cancer incidence rates up to 2031 to inform public health interventions in South Asia.
Methods: Data covering South Asian countries such as Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, and Pakistan were obtained from the GBD 2021 portal.
Background: The study aims to explore the burden and trends of prostate cancer (PC) in India at the state level from 1990 to 2021, using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study.
Methods: The health metrics including age-standardised incidence rates (ASIR), prevalence rates (ASPR), disability-adjusted life years (ASDR), and mortality rates (ASMR) per 100,000 for PC were analysed across Indian states and union territories. Join point regression analysis was employed to identify significant changes in these metrics over time.
Article Synopsis
- The outbreak of Monkeypox (Mpox), especially the clade 1b variant, has become a significant global health issue, particularly in Africa, which is experiencing ongoing epidemics that require urgent attention and study.
- This research analyzes data from the most affected African countries, using time series techniques to predict Mpox trends and assess the growth in new cases from August 2023 to August 2024.
- Results indicate a worrying upward trend in Mpox cases, with projections suggesting nearly 6,923 cumulative cases in about 65 weeks, highlighting the need for ongoing monitoring and tailored public health responses to manage the outbreak effectively.
Article Synopsis
- West Nile Virus (WNV) poses a significant global health risk, expanding into new regions due to climate change enhancing mosquito activity, leading to year-round virus transmission.
- Recent advancements in genomic technologies have improved understanding of WNV's behavior and potential treatment options, yet the lack of an approved vaccine means management relies heavily on supportive care for severe cases.
- There is a pressing need for innovative vector control methods and adaptive public health strategies that integrate research, policy, and community efforts to effectively combat WNV's evolving challenges.
Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by transient constriction and dilation of cerebral arteries, leading to severe headaches and neurological deficits. This case report describes a 41-year-old woman with chronic anemia, acute chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and rheumatoid arthritis who developed RCVS following transfusion of packed red blood cells (PRBCs). She experienced sudden-onset seizures and a thunderclap headache 5 days post-transfusion.
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- People living with HIV (PLWH) face increased mortality risks from air pollution due to chronic inflammation and immune dysfunction, a link that has not been widely studied.
- A systematic review analyzed nine studies, primarily from China, revealing that long-term exposure to pollutants like particulate matter significantly correlates with higher AIDS-related and overall mortality rates in PLWH, with certain populations being more susceptible.
- The findings indicate that targeted interventions to lessen air pollution exposure could benefit vulnerable groups, emphasizing the need for further research in this area.
Article Synopsis
- E-cigarettes are becoming popular as a way for people to quit smoking, but there are concerns about their use alongside traditional cigarettes, particularly among pregnant women, who may face increased health risks.
- A systematic review analyzed data from 18 studies involving nearly 6 million pregnant women, finding that 4.6% of them reported using both e-cigarettes and traditional tobacco.
- The findings suggest that dual use is a significant health issue, highlighting the need for further research and public health measures to inform and protect pregnant women from the risks of tobacco.
Article Synopsis
- Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder linked to gluten intolerance that may affect cardiovascular health, with some studies suggesting a connection to myocardial infarction (MI), although results have been inconsistent.* -
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of 8 studies were conducted to evaluate the risk of MI in adults with CD, using data from databases like PubMed and Web of Science, analyzed with R software.* -
- The analysis found no significant association between CD and MI, but indicated high variability in study results, suggesting a need for more research on larger, more uniform samples to clarify potential cardiovascular risks for CD patients.*
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with increased prevalence in individuals with chronic liver conditions and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have shown promise in diabetes management and may influence liver disease progression. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy of GLP-1 RAs in reducing the risk of HCC in patients with T2DM.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Malaria continues to be a critical public health concern in India, predominantly driven by complex interplays of ecological, climatic, and socioeconomic factors.
Methods: This study aimed to assess the association between climatic variables (temperature and precipitation) and malaria incidence across India from 2010 to 2019, utilizing data from the Global Historical Weather and Climate Data for climate metrics and the Global Burden of Disease Study for malaria incidence rates. Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs) with a Poisson distribution were employed to analyze the data, adjusting for socio-economic status, as indexed by the Human Development Index (HDI).
Article Synopsis
- Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health crisis in South Asia, with varied progress among countries in reducing incidence and mortality rates from 1990 to 2021.
- The study used data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) and identified notable declines in TB indicators, particularly in Bangladesh and Bhutan, while India, Pakistan, and Nepal still face high burdens.
- Future projections suggest continued decline in TB rates, but targeted interventions are essential, especially in nations with inadequate progress, to meet WHO goals by 2035.
Article Synopsis
- Prostate cancer is a common cancer among men, and this study investigates whether glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), usually used for treating type 2 diabetes, can reduce the risk of developing this cancer.
- The research included a systematic review of five studies from various countries, which found that GLP-1 RA use is associated with a significant 28% reduction in prostate cancer risk compared to other treatments.
- The study concludes that GLP-1 RAs could play a role in reducing prostate cancer risk, especially for men with diabetes, but further research is needed to understand how these drugs work in this context and to examine different patient variables.
Heterocyclic scaffolds, particularly, pyridine-containing azaheterocycles, constitute a major part of the drugs approved in the past decade. In the present review, we explored the pyridine ring part of US FDA-approved small molecules (2014-2023). The analysis of the approved drugs bearing a pyridine ring revealed that a total of 54 drugs were approved.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe recent global resurgence of Mpox (formerly monkeypox), primarily transmitted via close contact and respiratory droplets, highlights a significant shift in its epidemiology, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM). This resurgence underscores the need for robust public health responses and improved surveillance. This comprehensive review of current literature focuses on recent outbreaks, virology, and available treatments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Cancer poses a significant public health challenge in India, making it crucial to predict its future impact for effective healthcare planning. This study forecast cancer incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in India from 2022 to 2031.
Methods: We extracted age-standardized data on incidence, prevalence, DALYs, and mortality from 1990 to 2021 from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study.
The technological revolutions in computers and the advancement of high-throughput screening technologies have driven the application of artificial intelligence (AI) for faster discovery of drug molecules with more efficiency, and cost-friendly finding of hit or lead molecules. The ability of software and network frameworks to interpret molecular structures' representations and establish relationships/correlations has enabled various research teams to develop numerous AI platforms for identifying new lead molecules or discovering new targets for already established drug molecules. The prediction of biological activity, ADME properties, and toxicity parameters in early stages have reduced the chances of failure and associated costs in later clinical stages, which was observed at a high rate in the tedious, expensive, and laborious drug discovery process.
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- Periodontitis is a common inflammatory disease that can severely impact oral and overall health, and while traditional smoking is a known risk factor, the effect of e-cigarettes on gum health is not well understood.
- This systematic review analyzed data from twelve studies comparing periodontal outcomes between e-cigarette users and non-users, noting that e-cigarette users had a significantly lower bleeding on probing (BOP) score.
- The research suggests no strong evidence linking e-cigarette use to major negative impacts on periodontal health, but further comprehensive studies are needed to assess long-term effects and clarify any potential risks.
Article Synopsis
- - Oral cancer is a major health issue in India, representing one-third of global cases, yet detailed data on its risk factors is limited.
- - From 1990 to 2021, oral cancer mortality and prevalence in India increased, with significant variations across states and gender disparities showing higher rates in males.
- - Forecasting predicts continued growth in oral cancer rates from 2022 to 2031, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to reduce risk and improve detection.
Article Synopsis
- Dengue fever is a serious disease that can lead to a problem called Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which can make people very sick and raise healthcare costs.
- This study looked at different research to find out what makes someone more likely to get AKI if they have dengue, so doctors can catch it early and help patients better.
- The researchers found that factors like severe dengue, being male, having diabetes, and other health issues increase the chances of getting AKI, showing the need for better screening and treatment for those at higher risk.
Article Synopsis
- * Recent evidence suggests that structured exercise rehabilitation can improve the overall quality of life and functional ability in HCM patients without increasing health risks, contradicting previous advice against physical activity.
- * The review emphasizes the importance of personalized exercise plans and thorough patient assessments, while calling for further research to refine exercise guidelines and integrate rehabilitation into standard HCM care for better patient outcomes.