Identification of Pseudopestalotiopsis ampullacea as a new pathogen causing tea gray blight in India and its management strategies.

Gray blight is a serious threat to the tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] production in major tea cultivating countries including India.

Trichoderma harzianum TIND02 upregulates the expression of pathogenesis-related genes and enzymes and enhances gray blight resistance in tea.

The gray blight incited by Pestalotiopsis and allied genera is a prevalent disease affecting tea cultivation, and managing it with Trichoderma spp. is an alternative to synthetic fungicides. Plants modify their arsenal system against pathogens when they are exposed to Trichoderma spp.

Botrytis fruit rot management: What have we achieved so far?

Botrytis cinerea is a destructive necrotrophic phytopathogen causing overwhelming diseases in more than 1400 plant species, especially fruit crops, resulting in significant economic losses worldwide. The pathogen causes rotting of fruits at both pre-harvest and postharvest stages. Aside from causing gray mold of the mature fruits, the fungus infects leaves, flowers, and seeds, which makes it a notorious phytopathogen.

Therapeutic Potential of Morin Hydrate Against Rifampicin Induced Hepato and Renotoxicity in Albino Wistar Rats: Modulation of Organ Function, Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a challenging public health issue, particularly in poor and developing countries. Rifampicin (RIF) is one of the most common first-line anti-TB drugs but it is known for its adverse effects on the hepato-renal system. The present study investigated the efficacy of morin hydrate (MH) in protecting hepato-renal damage inflicted by RIF in rats.

Characterizations of species causing basal stem rot disease in coconut tree.

Unlabelled: The basal stem rot disease incidence ranged from 0 to 5% in Karnataka India during the year 2019-20. Twenty pathogenic isolates of sp varied with cultural characteristics and virulence on coconut seedlings of the variety Tipatur Tall. The identity of each isolate was confirmed through morphological characters and through ITS sequencing.

Insect Microbial Symbionts: Ecology, Interactions, and Biological Significance.

The guts of insect pests are typical habitats for microbial colonization and the presence of bacterial species inside the gut confers several potential advantages to the insects. These gut bacteria are located symbiotically inside the digestive tracts of insects and help in food digestion, phytotoxin breakdown, and pesticide detoxification. Different shapes and chemical assets of insect gastrointestinal tracts have a significant impact on the structure and makeup of the microbial population.

Mechanism and recent updates on insulin-related disorders.

Insulin, a small protein with 51 amino acids synthesized by pancreatic β-cells, is crucial to sustain glucose homeostasis at biochemical and molecular levels. Numerous metabolic dysfunctions are related to insulin-mediated altered glucose homeostasis. One of the significant pathophysiological conditions linked to the insulin associated disorder is diabetes mellitus (DM) (type 1, type 2, and gestational).

Functional traits and phylogenetic analysis of top-soil inhabiting rhizobacteria associated with tea rhizospheres in North Bengal, India.

Rhizobacteria associated with cultivated crops are known to stimulate plant growth through various indirect or direct mechanisms. In recent years, the host list of plant growth promotion/promoting rhizobacteria has expanded to include bean, barley, cotton, maize, rice, vegetables, peanut, rice, wheat, and several plantation crops. However, interaction of rhizobacteria with tea plants of organic and conventional tea gardens is poorly understood.

Antitubercular drugs: possible role of natural products acting as antituberculosis medication in overcoming drug resistance and drug-induced hepatotoxicity.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a pathogenic bacterium which causes tuberculosis (TB). TB control programmes are facing threats from drug resistance. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Mtb strains need longer and more expensive treatment with many medications resulting in more adverse effects and decreased chances of treatment outcomes.

in diversified cropping systems: friend or foe?

In the current scenario, the use of synthetic fertilizers is at its peak, which is an expensive affair, possesses harmful effects to the environment, negatively affecting soil fertility and beneficial soil microfauna as well as human health. Because of this, the demand for natural, chemical-free, and organic foods is increasing day by day. Therefore, in the present circumstances use of biofertilizers for plant growth-promotion and microbe-based biopesticides against biotic stresses are alternative options to reduce the risk of both synthetic fertilizers and pesticides.

Exploiting root exudates to manage soil-borne disease complexes in a changing climate.

Ongoing climate change will both profoundly impact land-use (e.g., changes in crop species or cultivar and cropping practices) and abiotic factors (e.

Molecular signalling during cross talk between gut brain axis regulation and progression of irritable bowel syndrome: A comprehensive review.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional disorder which alters gastrointestinal (GI) functions, thus leading to compromised health status. Pathophysiology of IBS is not fully understood, whereas abnormal gut brain axis (GBA) has been identified as a major etiological factor. Recent studies are suggestive for visceral hyper-sensitivity, altered gut motility and dysfunctional autonomous nervous system as the main clinical abnormalities in IBS patients.

Molecular interaction between plants and species against soil-borne plant pathogens.

spp. (Hypocreales) are used worldwide as a lucrative biocontrol agent. The interactions of spp.

Anti-proliferative, apoptosis inducing, and antioxidant potential of Callistemon lanceolatus bark extracts: an in vitro and in silico study.

The present study reports anticancer and antioxidant activities of Callistemon lanceolatus bark extracts. Anticancer activity was studied against MDA-MB-231 cells. Antioxidant assessment of the chloroform and methanol extracts showed considerable free radical scavenging, metal ion chelating, and reducing power potential.

Modulatory effect of caffeic acid in alleviating diabetes and associated complications.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. Prolonged uncontrolled hyperglycemia often leads to multi-organ damage including diabetic neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, cardiovascular disorders, and diabetic foot ulcers. Excess production of free radicals causing oxidative stress in tissues is often considered to be the primary cause of onset and progression of DM and associated complications.

Potential Molecular Targeted Therapy for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent and lethal cancers, representing a serious worldwide health concern. The recurrence incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following surgery or ablation is as high as 70%. Thus, the clinical applicability of standard surgery and other locoregional therapy to improve the outcomes of advanced HCC is restricted and far from ideal.

Current therapeutic modalities and chemopreventive role of natural products in liver cancer: Progress and promise.

Liver cancer is a severe concern for public health officials since the clinical cases are increasing each year, with an estimated 5-year survival rate of 30%-35% after diagnosis. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) constitutes a significant subtype of liver cancer (approximate75%) and is considered primary liver cancer. Treatment for liver cancer mainly depends on the stage of its progression, where surgery including, hepatectomy and liver transplantation, and ablation and radiotherapy are the prime choice.

Grey Blight Disease Detection on Tea Leaves Using Improved Deep Convolutional Neural Network.

We proposed a novel deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) using inverted residuals and linear bottleneck layers for diagnosing grey blight disease on tea leaves. The proposed DCNN consists of three bottleneck blocks, two pairs of convolutional (Conv) layers, and three dense layers. The bottleneck blocks contain depthwise, standard, and linear convolution layers.

Characterization and identification of fungicide insensitive Pestalotiopsis-like species pathogenic to tea crop in India.

Gray blight, a fungal disease caused by Pestalotiopsis-like species, is a widespread disease affecting tea crop (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) in many tea-growing countries, including India, resulting in huge losses in tea production. In India, several studies have been conducted to understand the fungal diseases of tea crop, but gray blight has not been well described in major tea growing areas such as in North Bengal, based on its geographic distribution, molecular analysis, or pathogenicity, and even fungicide resistance.

Trichoderma reesei as an elicitor triggers defense responses in tea plant and delays gray blight symptoms.

Gray blight caused by Pestalotiopsis-like species is a major disease of tea crop worldwide including India, causes significant losses in tea production. Management of disease using fungal biocontrol agents is considered an alternative eco-friendly approach to synthetic fungicides. The present study explores the efficacy of Trichoderma reesei in the gray blight management in tea crop and activation of defense related enzymes against gray blight pathogen by developing a tri-trophic interaction system.

Recent advances in delivering free or nanoencapsulated by-products as antimicrobial food additives.

Food commodities are often contaminated by microbial pathogens in transit or during storage. Hence, mitigation of these pathogens is necessary to ensure the safety of food commodities. Globally, researchers used botanicals as natural additives to preserve food commodities from bio-deterioration, and advances were made to meet users' acceptance in this domain, as synthetic preservatives are associated with harmful effects to both consumers and environments.

Role of baicalin as a potential therapeutic agent in hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal disorders: A review.

Baicalin is a natural bioactive compound derived from , which is extensively used in traditional Chinese medicine. A literature survey demonstrated the broad spectrum of health benefits of baicalin such as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, cardio-protective, hepatoprotective, renal protective, and neuroprotective properties. Baicalin is hydrolyzed to its metabolite baicalein by the action of gut microbiota, which is further reconverted to baicalin phase 2 metabolism in the liver.

Chlorogenic Acid: A Dietary Phenolic Acid with Promising Pharmacotherapeutic Potential.

Phenolic acids are now receiving a great deal of interest as pervasive human dietary constituents that have various therapeutic applications against chronic and age-related diseases. One such phenolic acid that is being utilized in traditional medicine is chlorogenic acid (CGA). It is one of the most readily available phytochemicals that can be isolated from the leaves and fruits of plants, such as coffee beans (Coffea arabica L.