Effect of Lactate Export Inhibition on Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Growth and Metabolism.

Background: Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is an aggressive malignancy without effective treatments. ATC cells demonstrate upregulated glycolysis (Warburg effect), generating lactate that is subsequently exported by monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4). This study aims to determine whether MCT4 inhibition can suppress ATC growth.

Efficiency analysis in the management of COVID-19 pandemic in India based on data envelopment analysis.

This article measured the performance of 32 states and union territories (UTs) of India against COVID-19 disease using efficiency score which was calculated by data envelopment analysis (DEA) and compared the efficiency score with the different models which are used in many articles to evaluate the efficiency of healthcare system. Here the input parameters are taken as public health expenditure in a million, number of hospitals, number of hospital beds, percentage of health workers, population density, and number of infected, and output parameters divided into good and bad categories such as the number of recovered are taken as good output. The number of death is taken as bad outputs.

Glycolytic inhibition with 3-bromopyruvate suppresses tumor growth and improves survival in a murine model of anaplastic thyroid cancer.

Background: Anaplastic thyroid cancer is a rare but devastating malignancy. Anaplastic thyroid cancer cells exhibit the Warburg effect by preferentially undergoing glycolysis even in aerobic conditions, leading to high glucose use. Here we assess if targeted inhibition of glycolysis can diminish anaplastic thyroid cancer growth and improve outcomes.

Ketogenic diet combined with antioxidant N-acetylcysteine inhibits tumor growth in a mouse model of anaplastic thyroid cancer.

Background: Anaplastic thyroid cancer is an aggressive and fatal malignancy. Many advanced cancers are characterized by glucose dependency, leading to oxidative stress and cellular proliferation. Therefore, we sought to determine if a low glucose environment (in vitro) or a ketogenic diet (in vivo) could inhibit anaplastic thyroid cancer tumor growth when combined with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine.

National sample survey to assess the new case disease burden of leprosy in India.

A national sample survey of leprosy was undertaken in partnership with Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) institutions, National Leprosy Eradication Programme (NLEP), Panchayati Raj members, and treated leprosy patients to detect new cases of leprosy in India. The objectives of the survey were to estimate the new leprosy case load; record both Grade 1 and Grade 2 disabilities in the new cases; and to assess the magnitude of stigma and discrimination prevalent in the society. A cluster based, cross-sectional survey involving all States was used for the door-to-door survey using inverse sampling methodology.

Visibility of Strings After Postplacental Intracesarean Insertion of CuT380A and Cu375 Intrauterine Contraceptive Device: A Randomized Comparative Study.

Objectives: To compare the incidence of visible strings after postplacental intracesarean insertion of Cu375 and CuT380A intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUD).

Methods: This was a prospective, randomized comparative study. A total of 100 women fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria underwent postplacental intracesarean insertion of either Cu375 IUD or CuT380A IUD.

Intergenerational Change in Anthropometric Indices and Their Predictors Among Children in New Delhi Birth Cohort.

Objective: To evaluate intergenerational change in anthropometric indices of children and their predictors.

Design: Prospective cohort.

Participants: New Delhi Birth Cohort participants (F1), born between 1969 and 1972, were followed-up for anthropometry at birth and 6-monthly intervals until 21 years.

Maternal Age at Childbirth and Perinatal and Under five Mortality in a Prospective Birth Cohort from Delhi.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between maternal age at child birth, and perinatal and under-five mortality.

Design: Prospective birth cohort.

Setting: Urban community.

Testing of Hypothesis in Equivalence and Non Inferiority Trials-A Concept.

Establishing the appropriate hypothesis is one of the important steps for carrying out the statistical tests/analysis. Its understanding is important for interpreting the results of statistical analysis. The current communication attempts to provide the concept of testing of hypothesis in non inferiority and equivalence trials, where the null hypothesis is just reverse of what is set up for conventional superiority trials.

To evaluate the effect of perceived stress on menstrual function.

Introduction: Menstrual irregularities affect 2-5% of childbearing women, a number that is considerably higher among females under constant stress during a cycle.

Aim: To study the effect of perceived stress on cycle length, regularity and dysmenorrhoea.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 female undergraduate students of a medical college.

Supplementation of vitamin D in pregnancy and its correlation with feto-maternal outcome.

Context: Vitamin D deficiency is widely prevalent throughout the world. Pregnant women, neonates and infants form most vulnerable groups for vitamin D deficiency.

Objective: (1) To find prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women.

Risk assessment for psychological disorders in postmenopausal women.

Introduction: Psychological symptoms are common & bothersome in post menopausal women. Hence, screening these women for risk factors for psychological disorders is an important measure to improve their health.

Objective: To study the risk assessment for psychological disorders in postmenopausal women Material & Methods: This was a prospective and observational study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of a North Indian tertiary care hospital.

Randomized Comparison of Isosorbide Mononitrate and PGE2 Gel for Cervical Ripening at Term including High Risk Pregnancy.

Aims. Prostaglandin E2 is the most commonly used drug for cervical ripening prior to labour induction. However, there are concerns regarding uterine tachysystole and nonreassuring fetal heart (N-RFH).

Evaluation of isosorbide mononitrate for cervical ripening prior to induction of labor for postdated pregnancy in an outpatient setting.

Objective: To determine the safety and effectiveness of self-administered treatment with isosorbide mononitrate (IMN) for cervical ripening in Indian women with postdated pregnancies.

Methods: A randomized, placebo-controlled study was conducted with 200 women with postdated pregnancies and unfavorable cervices who self-administered vaginally either 2 40-mg tablets of IMN or 2 40-mg tablets of pyridoxine as placebo prior to admission for induction of labor. The main outcome variables were change in Bishop score, time from admission to delivery, and presence or absence of fetal and maternal morbidity.

Inverse sampling to study disease burden of leprosy.

Background & Objectives: Estimation of disease burden due to leprosy by conventional sampling procedure is difficult due to large sample size requirement. In such situation, inverse sampling procedure could be a choice. A pilot study was undertaken to study the feasibility of adopting inverse sampling procedure over conventional sampling in an endemic area of Uttar Pradesh, India.

Curcuminoids modulates oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic rat brain.

Diabetes exacerbates neuronal injury induced by hyperglycemia mediated oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of curcuminoids, polyphenols of Curcuma longa (L.) on oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment in the brain of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Reliability of self-collected versus provider-collected vaginal swabs for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis.

Women reluctant to undergo a per-speculum examination consider self-sampling more acceptable. The aim of this study was to compare self-collected vaginal swabs for detection of bacterial vaginosis (BV), candidiasis and trichomoniasis, with vaginal specimens obtained by the gynaecologist at per-speculum examination. Self-collected and provider-collected vaginal swabs were obtained from 50 women attending the gynaecological outpatients department.

Risk factors for maternal mortality in Delhi slums: a community-based case-control study.

Background: In order to develop, implement and evaluate policy for reducing maternal mortality, it is essential to study the risk factors associated with maternal deaths.

Aims: The study aims to determine the epidemiological risk factors and its related causes associated with maternal deaths in Delhi slums.

Materials And Methods: A community-based case-control study was designed, wherein snowball-sampling method was used to identify the maternal deaths (cases) in the community and circular systematic random sampling procedure was used to select the controls from the same area where a maternal death was found.

House-to-house survey vs. snowball technique for capturing maternal deaths in India: a search for a cost-effective method.

Background & Objective: Estimation of maternal mortality has been difficult because of large sample size requirement. A study using snowball technique for identification of households where maternal death has taken place and its related causes was conducted. We present here the feasibility of carrying out the snowball technique for capturing maternal deaths as against house-to-house survey and to obtain the estimates of maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in some selected States of India.

The role of RELN in lissencephaly and neuropsychiatric disease.

Reelin is an extracellular matrix-associated protein important in the regulation of neuronal migration during cerebral cortical development. Point mutations in the RELN gene have been shown to cause an autosomal recessive human brain malformation termed lissencephaly with cerebellar hypoplasia (LCH). Recent work has raised the possibility that reelin may also play a pathogenic role in other neuropsychiatric disorders.