Lasting depression in corticomotor excitability associated with local scalp cooling.

In this study, we investigated the effect of local scalp cooling on corticomotor excitability with transcranial magnetic simulation (TMS). Participants (healthy male adults, n=12) were first assessed with TMS to derive baseline measure of excitability from motor evoked potentials (MEPs) using the right first dorsal interosseous as the target muscle. Then, local cooling was induced on the right hemi-scalp (upper frontal region ∼ 15 cm(2)) by means of a cold wrap.

Theoretical Analysis of the Effect of Temperature on Current Delivery to the Brain During tDCS.

Background: Transcranial direct current simulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique that has become increasingly popular as a potential therapeutic method for a variety of brain disorders. Since the treatment outcome may depend on the current density delivered to the brain cortical region, a significant challenge is to control the current dose reaching the cortical region.

Objective And Methods: This study aims to investigate the effect of temperature on current delivery to the brain.

Predicting the electric field distribution in the brain for the treatment of glioblastoma.

The use of alternating electric fields has been recently proposed for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma. In order to predict the electric field distribution in the brain during the application of such tumor treating fields (TTF), we constructed a realistic head model from MRI data and placed transducer arrays on the scalp to mimic an FDA-approved medical device. Values for the tissue dielectric properties were taken from the literature; values for the device parameters were obtained from the manufacturer.

From oscillatory transcranial current stimulation to scalp EEG changes: a biophysical and physiological modeling study.

Both biophysical and neurophysiological aspects need to be considered to assess the impact of electric fields induced by transcranial current stimulation (tCS) on the cerebral cortex and the subsequent effects occurring on scalp EEG. The objective of this work was to elaborate a global model allowing for the simulation of scalp EEG signals under tCS. In our integrated modeling approach, realistic meshes of the head tissues and of the stimulation electrodes were first built to map the generated electric field distribution on the cortical surface.

The electric field in the cortex during transcranial current stimulation.

The electric field in the cortex during transcranial current stimulation was calculated based on a realistic head model derived from structural MR images. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of tissue heterogeneity and of the complex cortical geometry on the electric field distribution. To this end, the surfaces separating the different tissues were represented as accurately as possible, particularly the cortical surfaces.

Transcranial current brain stimulation (tCS): models and technologies.

In this paper, we provide a broad overview of models and technologies pertaining to transcranial current brain stimulation (tCS), a family of related noninvasive techniques including direct current (tDCS), alternating current (tACS), and random noise current stimulation (tRNS). These techniques are based on the delivery of weak currents through the scalp (with electrode current intensity to area ratios of about 0.3-5 A/m2) at low frequencies (typically < 1 kHz) resulting in weak electric fields in the brain (with amplitudes of about 0.