Current evidence supporting a goal of singletons: a review of maternal and perinatal outcomes associated with twin versus singleton pregnancies after in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

With increasing use of in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF-ICSI) almost 2% of all babies born in the United States each year are now conceived with these technologies, making outcomes of IVF-ICSI extremely important not only to patients and families but to public health. Twin pregnancy rates after IVF-ICSI in the United States have declined since their peak in 2013 but remain at approximately 1 in 10 to 1 in 20 pregnancies. A review of the current international literature on twin versus singleton pregnancy outcomes after IVF-ICSI treatment confirms statistically significantly higher risks to maternal and perinatal health and statistically significantly higher health care costs.

Micronized vaginal progesterone to prevent miscarriage: a critical evaluation of randomized evidence.

Progesterone is essential for the maintenance of pregnancy. Several small trials have suggested that progesterone supplementation may reduce the risk of miscarriage in women with recurrent or threatened miscarriage. Cochrane Reviews summarized the evidence and found that the trials were small with substantial methodologic weaknesses.

Vitamin D and assisted reproductive treatment outcome: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with an increased risk of abnormal pregnancy implantation leading to obstetric complications such as pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction. However, the effect of vitamin D on reproductive treatment outcomes in couples undergoing assisted reproductive treatment is poorly understood. This study investigates the association between vitamin D and reproductive treatment outcomes in women undergoing assisted reproductive treatments?

Methods: A prospective cohort study conducted at a large tertiary teaching hospital, United Kingdom.

A Randomized Trial of Progesterone in Women with Bleeding in Early Pregnancy.

Background: Bleeding in early pregnancy is strongly associated with pregnancy loss. Progesterone is essential for the maintenance of pregnancy. Several small trials have suggested that progesterone therapy may improve pregnancy outcomes in women who have bleeding in early pregnancy.

Vitamin D and assisted reproductive treatment outcome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Study Question: Is serum vitamin D associated with live birth rates in women undergoing ART?

Summary Answer: Women undergoing ART who are replete in vitamin D have a higher live birth rate than women who are vitamin D deficient or insufficient.

What Is Known Already: Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with an increased risk of abnormal pregnancy implantation as well as obstetric complications such as pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction. However, the effect of vitamin D on conception and early pregnancy outcomes in couples undergoing ART is poorly understood.

Can we predict the chance of successful epididymal or testicular sperm aspiration following vasectomy?

Purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate if serum markers, men's age, interval since vasectomy, BMI, testicular size and smoking could predict the success of epididymal or testicular sperm aspiration (PESA/TESA) in vasectomized men. Forty-four consecutively performed PESA/TESA procedures were reviewed retrospectively. Motile sperm was retrieved from 77.

PROMISE: first-trimester progesterone therapy in women with a history of unexplained recurrent miscarriages - a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, international multicentre trial and economic evaluation.

Background And Objectives: Progesterone is essential to maintain a healthy pregnancy. Guidance from the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and a Cochrane review called for a definitive trial to test whether or not progesterone therapy in the first trimester could reduce the risk of miscarriage in women with a history of unexplained recurrent miscarriage (RM). The PROMISE trial was conducted to answer this question.

A Randomized Trial of Progesterone in Women with Recurrent Miscarriages.

Background: Progesterone is essential for the maintenance of pregnancy. However, whether progesterone supplementation in the first trimester of pregnancy would increase the rate of live births among women with a history of unexplained recurrent miscarriages is uncertain.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial to investigate whether treatment with progesterone would increase the rates of live births and newborn survival among women with unexplained recurrent miscarriage.

Retrospective comparison of GnRH agonist trigger with HCG trigger in GnRH antagonist cycles in anticipated high-responders.

All IVF-ICSI cycles carried out between October 2009 and October 2012 using GnRH agonist (GnRHa) ovulation trigger (n = 62) followed by a single dose of HCG plus progesterone and oestradiol in the luteal phase because of anticipated ovarian hypertsimulation were retrospectively compared with historic control cycles using HCG trigger (n = 29) and standard luteal phase support. Women's mean age, body mass index, anti-Müllerian hormone, FSH, LH, starting and total stimulation dose, number of follicles, oocytes, embryos, fertilization, implantation, polycystic ovary syndrome, ICSI, live birth and ongoing pregnancy rates per embryo transfer were similar (GnRHa 40.7% versus HCG 35.